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Topic Review
Interconnected Smart Transactive Microgrids
Smart transactive microgrids (STMs) are defined as specialized microgrid systems that can autonomously regulate the generation, storage, and consumption of electricity among a network of users within a localized area. They enhance both economic and environmental efficiency by employing real-time pricing mechanisms and digital technologies. In a more general sense, STMs can be considered as a subset of microgrids (MGs) that incorporate principles of transactive energy, along with energy and information sharing among consumers. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) initially conceptualized this idea in the early 2000s, inaugurating the Grid Wise program in 2005 to modernize the national electric grid, which included the advancement of transactive energy systems.
  • 94
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Open Radio Access Networks
The open radio access network (RAN) aims to bring openness and intelligence to the traditional closed and proprietary RAN technology and offer flexibility, performance improvement, and cost-efficiency in the RAN’s deployment and operation.
  • 218
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Eye-Tracking Analysis of Proposed Signage Design
The road transport system is expanding considerably in developing countries. Villages are connecting to major cities for business, education, health, and many other reasons because of road development and smooth transportation. There has been a rise in the number of road accidents observed, caused by abruptly appearing dividers on roads and a lack of required signage systems.
  • 90
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Circular Economy Practices Used in the Built Environment
The linear economy model that is generally practised in the construction industry is one of the main reasons hindering the achievement of sustainability in construction. Alternatively, the Circular Economy (CE) model is becoming a promising approach to achieve sustainable construction, in which materials and products are circulated at their highest economic value and, thereby, contribute towards mitigating the negative economic, social, and environmental impacts of the construction industry. For a successful transition towards CE in the construction industry, it is important not only to understand CE practices that could be implemented across different stages of the life cycle of construction projects, but also to understand how a particular practice relates to another at those stages.
  • 200
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
SOFC-GT Integrated Technology
The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) transforms the chemical energy of fuel and oxidizer directly into electrical energy; it can be coupled with gas turbines (GT) and steam turbine to create an effective and clean hybrid power system because of its advantages in high power generation efficiency, high waste heat level, and low pollution. The idea of combining SOFC and GT is actually very simple. The gas stream at the outlet of the anode of SOFC has high energy, which can be utilized to form a hybrid system in combination with GT. The combination mechanism of SOFC and GT can realize the efficient conversion and utilization of energy and improve the overall performance of the system as well as the environmental protection performance.
  • 93
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Damage Detection in FRP-Reinforced Concrete Elements
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional steel reinforcements in concrete structures owing to their benefits of corrosion resistance, higher strength-to-weight ratio, reduced maintenance cost, extended service life, and superior durability. 
  • 88
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Industrial Demand-Side Management Applications
The transition to sustainable energy sources presents significant challenges for energy distribution and consumption systems. Specifically, the intermittent availability of renewable energy sources and the decreasing usage of fossil fuels pose challenges to energy flexibility and efficiency. An approach to tackle these challenges is demand-side management, aiming to adapt energy consumption and demand. A key requirement for demand-side management is the traceability of the energy flow among individual energy consumers. 
  • 131
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications
In the automotive industry, many devices are used to store energy in different forms. The most commonly used ones are batteries and supercapacitors, which store energy in electrical form, as well as flywheels, which store energy in mechanical form. Other less commonly used storage devices include fuel cell hydrogen tanks and compressed-air systems, which store energy in chemical and mechanical forms, respectively.
  • 148
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Continuum Robots and Magnetic Soft Robots
Magnetic soft robots, as an innovative branch of the soft robotics discipline, are eye-catching because of their excellent controllability and high flexibility under the control of magnetic fields. Thanks to the properties of magnetic materials, this type of robot can be manufactured into extremely fine micro guide wires, making it particularly applicable in fields such as minimally invasive pipeline interventional treatment or interventional laser surgery. Although magnetic soft robots and continuum robots belong to the same category of soft robots, they show obvious differences and complementarities in design concepts, application scenarios, and technical implementation. Especially from the perspective of structural size, continuum robots have encountered certain challenges in miniaturization, and magnetic soft robots can be regarded as an important expansion and deepening of continuum robots in terms of size reduction.
  • 111
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Water Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa
Developing a sustainable water infrastructure entails the planning and management of water systems to ensure the availability, access, quality, and affordability of water resources in the face of social, environmental, and economic challenges. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is currently in an era where it must make significant changes to improve the sustainability of its water infrastructure.
  • 175
  • 11 Mar 2024
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