Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Technique of Oil Pipelines
Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) is the most widely used nondestructive testing technology in the safety inspection of oil and gas pipelines. 
  • 313
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Uncertain Travel Times in Distribution Logistics
Uncertainty quantification is a critical aspect of distribution logistics, particularly unpredictable travel times caused by traffic congestion and varying transportation conditions.
  • 197
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Natural Pozzolan in Concrete
For several decades, class F fly ash has been an attractive supplementary cementitious material, at least in part, due to its ability to reduce Portland cement consumption and mitigate alkali-silica reactions in concrete. However, fly ash availability is becoming uncertain as the energy industry decommissions coal burning power plants as it transitions to renewable energy production. This situation creates a need to identify viable and sustainable alternative supplementary cementitious materials. There are several types of supplementary cementitious materials, such as natural pozzolans, metakaolin, or ground granulated blast-furnace slag, which appear to be potential alternatives to fly ash in concrete. In this research, a locally available natural pozzolan (pumicite) was selected to replace fly ash in concrete. After conducting alkali-silica reaction tests on mortar mixtures, rheological and strength properties, shrinkage, resistance to freezing and thawing, and chloride ion permeability of concrete mixtures containing different amounts of fly ash and natural pozzolan were evaluated. The results showed that pumicite was more effective than fly ash at mitigating the alkali-silica reaction, and a pumicite content of 20% was necessary to mitigate the alkali-silica reaction. Ternary mixtures containing both pumicite and fly ash were the most effective cementitious materials combinations for mitigating the alkali-silica reaction expansion. Additionally, pumicite provided acceptable compressive strength and modulus of rupture values (greater than 4.0 MPa) that exceeded the flexural strengths provided by established mixtures containing only fly ash. Shrinkage and durability factor values for all mixtures were less than 710 μstrain and greater than 75, which are generally considered acceptable. Additionally, all mixtures with acceptable alkali-silica reaction expansions had very low chloride permeability. These results indicate that pumicite can be a reliable alternative for fly ash.
  • 345
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Ultra-High Performance Concrete Mixtures and Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a novel cement-based material with exceptional mechanical and durability properties. Silica fume, the primary supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in UHPC, is expensive in North America, so it is often substituted with inexpensive class F fly ash. However, future availability of fly ash is uncertain as the energy industry moves toward renewable energy, which creates an urgent need to find cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to fly ash. Replacing cement, fly ash, and silica fume in UHPC mixtures with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), metakaolin, and a natural pozzolan (pumicite) are investigated. To identify acceptable UHPC mixtures (28-day compressive strength greater than 120 MPa), workability, compression, and flexural tests were conducted on all mixtures. Then, durability properties including shrinkage, frost resistance, and chloride ion permeability (rapid chloride permeability and surface resistivity tests) were evaluated for the acceptable UHPC mixtures. Results showed that 75, 100, and 40% of fly ash in the control mixture could be replaced with pumicite, metakaolin, and GGBFS, respectively, while still producing acceptable strengths. Flexural strengths were greater than 14.20 MPa for all mixtures. For durability, UHPC mixtures had shrinkage strains no greater than 406 μstrain, durability factors of at least 105, and “very low” susceptibility to chloride ion penetration, indicating that these SCMs are suitable candidates to completely replace fly ash and partially replace silica fume in non-proprietary UHPC.
  • 298
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
EIS and IRT for Evaluating Lithium Batteries
During lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) ordinary operation, safety concerns are related to the possibility of overheating and, in extreme cases, to the risk of fire or explosion. Hence, it is crucial to implement proper safety measures in the design, manufacturing, and in the second life of LIBs, through a proper design of thermal management systems or short circuit protection. Regarding their durability, LIBs can face degradation over time due to repeated charge–discharge cycles. This might affect their charge retention capacity and their lifespan. Hence, ongoing research is being conducted to improve these aspects through advancements in materials, electrode design, and battery management systems. LIB development focuses on improving their efficiency by using environmentally friendly materials. The non-destructive testing (NDT) of LIBs can be classified into several categories. The commonly accepted taxonomy is based on their underlying physical principle of measurement, e.g., electromagnetic waves, thermal waves, mechanical waves, etc.
  • 210
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Renewable Energies and Desalination
Desalination is a widely applied technology that is used to remove the salinity from brackish water, seawater, or wastewater to make it usable for domestic and industrial use. Desalination technologies are mainly categorized as conventional and advanced technologies, commonly known as thermal desalination and membrane-based desalination, respectively. The thermal desalination process includes different methods such as multi-effect distillation (MED), multistage flash distillation (MSF), and vapor compression distillation (VCD). Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are replenished naturally and can be used indefinitely.
  • 239
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nature-Inspired Chiral Structures
Diverse chiral structures observed in nature find applications across various domains, including engineering, chemistry, and medicine. Particularly notable is the optical activity inherent in chiral structures, which has emerged prominently in the field of optics. This phenomenon has led to a wide range of applications, encompassing optical components, catalysts, sensors, and therapeutic interventions.
  • 159
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Walking Accessibility in Urban Transportation
The rise in “urban diseases” like population density, traffic congestion, and environmental pollution has renewed attention to urban livability. Walkability, a critical measure of pedestrian friendliness, has gained prominence in urban and transportation planning.
  • 249
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Transformation to Sustainable Energy System for Smart Cities
Transformation is a deliberate, carefully planned, complete reconstruction, the effects of which will be used in the long term. It usually concerns economic infrastructure, and its implementation requires a multifaceted approach for the solutions created. The term smart city is associated with the words livable, green, intelligent, low carbon, sustainable, digital, information, knowledge, resilient, eco, and ubiquitous. Targeting sustainable energy systems is now an integral element of smart-city operation.
  • 147
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Barriers to Attracting and Retaining Female Construction Graduates
Ongoing debates exist about making career decisions and increasing women’s representation in male-dominated professions. This is because countless efforts to increase this status quo across various sectors face different barriers.
  • 319
  • 15 Nov 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 677
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback