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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
BIM in Green Building Design and Construction
Addressing clients’ demands, designers have become increasingly concerned about the operation phases of buildings and, more specifically, energy consumption. This issue has become more prominent as people realize that the Earth’s resources are limited and depleted, and buildings are major energy consumers. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has gained popularity and is widely used by architects, engineers, and construction teams to collaborate and provide a comprehensive design that follows a sustainable strategy.
  • 198
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Functional Fiber-Based Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
The quality of human life has improved thanks to the rapid development of wearable electronics. Previously, bulk structures were usually selected for the fabrication of high performance electronics, but these are not suitable for wearable electronics due to mobility limitations and comfortability. Fibrous material-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can provide power to wearable electronics due to their advantages such as light weight, flexibility, stretchability, wearability, etc. Fiber materials, multiple fabrication methods, and fundamentals of TENGs are described. Moreover, advances in functional fiber-based wearable TENGs are introduced. Furthermore, the challenges to functional fiber-based TENGs are discussed, and possible solutions are suggested. Finally, the use of TENGs in hybrid devices is introduced for a broader introduction of fiber-based energy harvesting technologies.
  • 320
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Emotion Recognition from Physiological Signals
In many treatments for medical and psychosomatic disorders, such as physical therapy and other relaxation techniques, there is often a lack of consistent feedback on how well a patient responds to the therapy. This lack of feedback often leads to high drop-out rates and irregular training, which hinders the therapy’s ability to constantly yield an improved physical or psychological state. Implementing affective engineering in real-life applications requires the ability to effectively recognize emotions using physiological measurements. Despite being a widely researched topic, there seems to be a lack of systems that translate results from data collected in a laboratory setting to higher technology readiness levels. 
  • 202
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Impacts of AV and CAV Technologies
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are expected to have a significant impact on highways. The capacity impact of AVs will change based on their penetration in the vehicle fleet. For medium-term planning horizons, AVs will reduce capacities, whereas for long-term planning horizons and the buildout, capacities will be positively impacted. 
  • 265
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Emissions, Decarbonization, and Alternative Fuels in Inland Navigation
In response to the pressing need for transportation decarbonization, the often overlooked domain of inland waterway transport and seeks to answer which alternative fuel or power source is the most promising for that sector. As the shipping industry significantly contributes to global carbon emissions, it has been shifting towards alternative fuels and decarbonization measures in the effort to reduce them, whereas the inland waterways, operating predominantly on diesel engines, have not achieved equivalent substantial progress. Liquified natural gas (LNG) initially emerged as a favored alternative fuel, but recent studies emphasize a shift towards “greener” solutions like batteries and hydrogen. Europe and Asia lead in these developments. This investigation uncovers critical gaps in research and development, particularly in the Northern European countries that have extensive inland waterway networks. It also calls for future studies to explore the performance of vessels that have adopted LNG compared to other emerging alternatives and emphasizes the importance of considering the time lag between technology development and research publication.
  • 198
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Ankle and Foot Arthroplasty and Prosthesis
The foot and ankle serve vital roles in weight bearing, balance, and flexibility but are susceptible to many diverse ailments, making treatment difficult. More commonly, Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) and Total Talus Replacement (TTR) are used for patients with ankle degeneration and avascular necrosis of the talus, respectively. Ankle prosthesis and orthosis are also indicated for use with lower limb extremity amputations or locomotor disability, leading to the development of powered exoskeletons. However, patient outcomes remain suboptimal, commonly due to the misfitting of implants to the patient-specific anatomy. Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used to create customized, patient-specific implants and porous implant cages that provide structural support while allowing for increased bony ingrowth and to develop customized, lightweight exoskeletons with multifunctional actuators. AM implants and devices have shown success in preserving stability and mobility of the joint and achieving fast recovery, as well as significant improvements in gait rehabilitation, gait assistance, and strength for patients. 
  • 223
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
From Shallow to Deep Bioprocess Hybrid Modeling
Hybrid neural network (HNN)  modeling is the combination of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with prior knowledge in a mathematical framework. There are two main approaches to incorporating prior knowledge: design and training methods. Design approaches use prior knowledge to define the network structure, while training approaches use it to guide parameter estimation. Both approaches reduce data dependency, making models less sensitive to sparse and noisy data, and improving their descriptive and predictive capabilities compared to pure ANNs. HNNs are a powerful tool for understanding complex processes like bioprocesses and accelerating product development. Bioprocess modeling is challenging due to nonlinearity, dynamics, and uncertainty. Traditional models based on physical and chemical laws can be overly simplistic or hard to calibrate. Data-driven ANN models lack interpretability and generalization. HNNs combine the strengths of both approaches, enhancing the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of bioprocess modeling by integrating prior knowledge with ANNs.
  • 186
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Product Engineering Modelling in Aesthetic Design Education
By progressively embracing the general principles of integrated, parametric, interdisciplinary design that considers the manufacturing elements of the imagined product, the modern aesthetic designer is called upon to broaden their knowledge and abilities. Especially when there is a need to produce complex shapes, when cost-effective, there are also numerous 3D printing technologies available today, to be used both in the conceptual phase (prototyping) and for actual production.
  • 225
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Using STEM to Educate Engineers about Sustainability
Sustainable design means to base design on any systems and methods that can fulfill any of the sustainability goals: reducing waste, recycling plastics, upcycle materials, etc., and having less of an impact on the environment. Therefore, a challenge arises: how to design products based on sustainable design. This research presents a case study, about how students in a university’s design department, used sustainability practices in their projects, to adopt sustainability as a major aspect during the design process of a product. The researchers used STEM methodologies to educate and guide the students to adopt recycling and upcycling practices to design and develop an educational mobile robot for Educational Robotics and Mechatronics applications. Students were encouraged to develop their problem-solving approaches when developing their designed robots, for a mechatronics project given to them. In this way, the researchers fostered the active and motivated participation of students; an increased interest was found related to several factors, including challenge, competition, group participation, and more. 
  • 354
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Voltage-Source-Converter-Based High Voltage Direct Current Transmission System
Long-distance offshore wind power transmission systems utilize multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT-HVDC) connections based on voltage source converters (VSCs). In addition to having the potential to work around restrictions, the VSC-based MT-HVDC transmission system has significant technical and economic merits over the HVAC transmission system. Offshore wind farms (OWFs) will inevitably grow because of their outstanding resistance to climate change and ability to provide sustainable energy without producing hazardous waste. Due to stronger and more persistent sea winds, the OWF often has a higher generation capacity with less negative climate effects. The majority of modern installations are distant from the shore and produce more power than the early OWF sites, which are situated close to the shore. 
  • 298
  • 20 Nov 2023
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