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Topic Review
Fused Filament Fabrication for Metallic Materials
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) technology mostly used to produce thermoplastic parts. FFF for metallic parts can be divided into five steps: (1) raw material selection and feedstock mixture (including palletization), (2) filament production (extrusion), (3) production of AM components using the filament extrusion process, (4) debinding, and (5) sintering.
  • 183
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
User Association Performance Trade-Offs in Integrated RF/mmWave/THz Communications
6G and beyond wireless networks will be utilizing RF (below 6 GHz) mm-Wave, and sub THz frequency bands for user access. These three bands, however, have distinct propagation characteristics and bandwidths. Associating users across these bands using available radio resources while meeting different Quality of Services across slices is a difficult optimization problem.
  • 672
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Catalysis for Biogas Steam Reforming
Hydrogen production from natural gas or biogas, at different purity levels, has emerged as an important technology with continuous development and improvement in order to stand for sustainable and clean energy. Regarding biogas, which can be obtained from multiple sources, hydrogen production through the steam reforming of methane is one of the most important methods for its energy use. In that sense, the role of catalysts to make the process more efficient is crucial, normally contributing to a higher hydrogen yield under milder reaction conditions in the final product.
  • 263
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Chlorophyll and TiO2
Chlorophyll sensitization can improve the performance of semiconductors like TiO2 in photocatalytic reactions and light-harvesting technologies, such as solar cells. Faced with the search for renewable energy sources and sustainable technologies, the application of this natural pigment has been gaining prominence.
  • 140
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
High-Density Polyethylene
Due to its mechanical, rheological, and chemical properties, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is commonly used as a material for producing the pipes for transport of various media. Low thermal conductivity (0.4 W/mK) narrows down the usage of HDPE in the heat exchanger systems.
  • 188
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Fee Variability among Built Environment Professionals in SA
The capacity of professional services in the built environment to produce revenue and employment has contributed to the significant impact of the built environment on socio-economic development. Because of the market’s competitiveness, it is common practice in the South African construction industry for professionals to provide heavily discounted professional fees on building projects.
  • 121
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Technical and Economic Viability of Underground Hydrogen Storage
The concept of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is less known than its natural gas counterpart, which is expected due to its less significant role in the past. Despite this, the insights gained with natural gas can be applied to hydrogen storage due to the shared cavern design and operation.
  • 370
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Direct Borohydride–Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell
Direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs) operate directly on liquid fuel instead of hydrogen, as in typical proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). DLFCs have the advantages of higher energy densities and fewer issues with the transportation and storage of their fuels compared with compressed hydrogen and are adapted to mobile applications. Among DLFCs, the direct borohydride–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBPFC) is one of the most promising DLFC technologies. DBPFCs are fed sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the fuel and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant. 
  • 368
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Crumb Rubber
The crumb rubber (CR) recycled from waste tyres could be a viable alternative in achieving green pavements that offer exciting new markets to global investors. Adding CR into flexible pavements enhances their performance and ensures environmental sustainability.
  • 489
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Wireless Communication Technologies for Localization
The rapid development of information communication and artificial intelligence (AI) technology is driving innovation in various new application fields such as autonomous driving, augmented reality, and the metaverse. In particular, the advancement of wireless localization technology plays a great role in these cutting-edge technologies. However, traditional wireless localization systems rely on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which is ineffective in indoor or underground environments. To overcome this issue, indoor positioning systems (IPS) have gained attention, and various localization techniques utilizing wireless communication were studied. Subsequently, AI technologies are improving the performance of wireless localization and addressing problems that were previously difficult to solve. 
  • 266
  • 08 Dec 2023
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