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Topic Review
Metal-Oxide Heterojunction
As technologies like the Internet, artificial intelligence, and big data evolve at a rapid pace, computer architecture is transitioning from compute-intensive to memory-intensive. The emulation of the behaviors of a synapse at the device level by ionic/electronic devices has shown promising potential in future neural-inspired and compact artificial intelligence systems.
  • 142
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Natural Zeolites in Cement-Based Construction Materials
Natural zeolite is a honeycomb-structured aluminosilicate mineral with an open crystalline structure which makes it suitable for a variety of applications. The influence of natural zeolites on the workability and setting time of cement-based construction materials revealed that increasing the zeolite content led to a reduction in workability compared to the control mixes. At the same time, the initial and final setting times of cement pastes showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the replacement percentage. The slow pozzolanic reaction of clinoptilolite zeolite results in lower flexural strength and compressive strength values of mortars at the age of 28 days. Blending zeolites with other supplementary cementitious materials resulted in improved values of the mechanical properties of mortar and concrete. The findings regarding the impact of zeolite on the durability of concrete suggest that zeolite shows promise as a viable alternative to cement, with positive effects on various aspects of durability. The majority of the durability factors are interconnected. The presence of conflicting findings is particularly significant in this context, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to address these challenges in the future.
  • 264
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Power Line Insulators in Digital Images
The power infrastructure is of key importance for the proper functioning of the economy, both industry and services, and for the stable functioning of households.
  • 158
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Multi-Input Multi-Output and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
Multi-input multi-output and non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems can improve channel capacity and spectrum efficiency distinctly to support real-time applications. Age of information (AoI) plays a crucial role in real-time applications as it determines the timeliness of the extracted information. In MIMO-NOMA IoT systems, the base station (BS) determines the sample collection commands and allocates the transmit power for each IoT device.
  • 147
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
A Vision-Based Micro-Manipulation System
Micro-manipulation systems play a critical role in various scientific and industrial applications, enabling precise handling and control of microscopic objects. Precise micro-manipulation is essential, whether it involves the assembly of microelectronic components, the handling of biological samples, or the fabrication of micro-scale structures. However, achieving accurate manipulation at the micro-scale poses unique challenges, primarily due to the minuscule size of the objects involved.
  • 211
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Definitions of BIM by Organizations and Standards
The first documented representation of the concept of BIM—“building information modelling” was a scientific article by Giles A. (Sander) van Nederveen and Frits P. Tolman, which so named the techniques for multi-faceted representation of a building using views of its model.
  • 276
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Platform for Power System’s Resilience during Extreme Weather
It is challenging for the European power system to exactly predict RES output and match energy production with demand due to changes in wind and sun intensity and the unavoidable disruptions caused by severe weather conditions. Therefore, in order to address the so-called “flexibility challenge” and implement the variable RES production, the European Union needs flexible solutions. In order to accommodate quicker reactions, compared to those performed today, and the adaptive exploitation of flexibility, grid operators must adjust their operational business model, as the electrical grid transitions from a fully centralized to a largely decentralized system. OneNet aspires to complete this crucial step by setting up a new generation of grid services that can fully utilize distributed generation, storage, and demand responses while also guaranteeing fair, open, and transparent conditions for the consumer. Using AI methods and a cloud-computing approach, the current work anticipates that active management of the power system for TSO–DSO coordination will be improved by the web-based client-server application F-channel. In the current work, a user’s experience with the platform for a Business Use Case (BUC) under the scenario of severe weather conditions is presented
  • 195
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Photoplethysmography for the Assessment of Arterial Stiffness
There is growth in assessing arterial stiffness using photoplethysmography (PPG) and propose PPG as a potential tool for assessing vascular ageing in the future. Blood vessels deteriorate with age, losing elasticity and forming deposits. This raises the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), widely reported as the global leading cause of death. The ageing process induces structural modifications in the vascular system, such as increased arterial stiffness, which can cause various volumetric, mechanical, and haemodynamic alterations. Numerous techniques have been investigated to assess arterial stiffness, some of which are currently used in commercial medical devices and some, such as PPG, of which still remain in the research space.
  • 233
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
3D Printed Integrated Sensors
The integration of 3D printed sensors into hosting structures has become a growing area of research due to simplified assembly procedures, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication cost. Embedding 3D printed sensors into structures or bonding the sensors on surfaces are the two techniques for the integration of sensors. 
  • 307
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Buildings' Circular Refurbishment to Operationalize Circular Economy Policies
The current policies aimed at promoting the decarbonization of existing buildings under the principles of the circular economy are in need of practical measures tailored to local conditions to increase their effectiveness. The lack of standard practices for assessing buildings’ refurbishment strategies toward energy efficiency and CE principles reflects this reality. To tackle this issue, a new framework for refurbishing circular buildings, is proposed in this paper, based on circular procurement and incorporating a lifecycle perspective. This framework articulates a dialogue between local authorities and private stakeholders through a set of steps that encompass building mapping, selective disassembly, (re)design, and (re)build practices, providing opportunities to implement policy-based incentives.
  • 133
  • 25 Dec 2023
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