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Topic Review
Principles of Photocatalysis in Photocatalytic Cementitious Material
Photoinduced processes governed by light activated TiO2 have been studied in many ways. One of the most active areas is the development of TiO2 photocatalysis technologies on their application for reducing environmental impacts. The immobilization of TiO2 on solid support, such as cementitious materials, greatly enhances its use in practical applications.
  • 869
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Space Toilet
A space toilet, or zero gravity toilet is a toilet that can be used in a weightless environment. In the absence of weight, the collection and retention of liquid and solid waste is directed by use of air flow. Since the air used to direct the waste is returned to the cabin, it is filtered beforehand to control odor and cleanse bacteria. In older systems, waste water is vented into space, and any solids are compressed and stored for removal upon landing. More modern systems expose solid waste to vacuum pressures to kill bacteria, which prevents odor problems and kills pathogens.
  • 868
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Great Republic
Launched on October 4, 1853 Great Republic is noteworthy as the largest wooden clipper ship ever constructed.
  • 868
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Aviation Spline Research
Splines are irreplaceable in high-speed aviation fields due to their simplicity, reliability, and high specific power. Aviation splines are not only subjected to severe operating mechanical loads, but also sometimes operate under grease-lubricated and non-lubricated environments. All of this results in aviation splines suffering widespread failures.
  • 868
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Zeolites as Catalyst Supports for Hydrocarbon Oxidation Reactions
Catalytic oxidation is a key technology for the conversion of petroleum-based feedstocks into useful chemicals (e.g., adipic acid, caprolactam, glycols, acrylates, and vinyl acetate) since this chemical transformation is always involved in synthesis processes. Zeolites are microporous, crystalline aluminosilicate materials known since 1756 when the stilbite structure was identified by the Swedish mineralogist Crönstedt. Zeolites and other related porous materials can be supports for organometallic or metallic active species. These materials are the most studied supports due to their combined properties of mechanical and thermal stability that allows it an easy regeneration and recycling. 
  • 867
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Applications of AMPs in Packaging
Antimicrobial Peptides can be defined as the molecules of the innate immune system present in all life forms, ranging from bacteria to human beings. The innate immune system is a defence system working non-specifically against injury or infection in the barrier surface. AMPs are composed of a sequence of amino acid ranging from 5 to 50 chains, usually L-amino acids.
  • 867
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Factors Affecting FIV in Internal Two-Phase Flow
Two-phase flow is commonly encountered in various engineering systems. Momentum fluctuation in two-phase flow can create undesirable and destructive vibrations. These vibrations have attracted considerable attention and are known as flow-induced vibrations (FIV). Different factors effecting FIV is two phase flow is discussed here in detail.
  • 867
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Leaching
Leaching is the process of a solute becoming detached or extracted from its carrier substance by way of a solvent. Leaching is a naturally occurring process which scientists have adapted for a variety of applications with a variety of methods. Specific extraction methods depend on the soluble characteristics relative to the sorbent material such as concentration, distribution, nature, and size. Leaching can occur naturally seen from plant substances (inorganic and organic), solute leaching in soil, and in the decomposition of organic materials. Leaching can also be applied affectedly to enhance water quality and contaminant removal, as well as for disposal of hazardous waste products such as fly ash, or rare earth elements (REEs). Understanding leaching characteristics is important in preventing or encouraging the leaching process and preparing for it in the case where it is inevitable. In an ideal leaching equilibrium stage, all the solute is dissolved by the solvent, leaving the carrier of the solute unchanged. The process of leaching however is not always ideal, and can be quite complex to understand and replicate, and often different methodologies will produce different results.
  • 866
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gate-Level Static Approximate Adders
This work compares and analyzes static approximate adders which are suitable for FPGA and ASIC type implementations. We consider many static approximate adders and evaluate their performance with respect to a digital image processing application using standard figures of merit such as peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index metric. We provide the error metrics of approximate adders, and the design metrics of accurate and approximate adders corresponding to FPGA and ASIC type implementations. For the FPGA implementation, we considered a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA, and for an ASIC type implementation, we considered a 32-28 nm CMOS standard digital cell library. While the inferences from this work could serve as a useful reference to determine an optimum static approximate adder for a practical application, in particular, we found approximate adders HOAANED, HERLOA and M-HERLOA to be preferable.
  • 866
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Volumetric Video
Volumetric video is a technique that captures a three-dimensional space, such as a location or performance. This type of volumography acquires data that can be viewed on flat screens as well as using 3D displays and VR goggles. Consumer-facing formats are numerous and the required motion capture techniques lean on computer graphics, photogrammetry, and other computation-based methods. The viewer generally experiences the result in a real-time engine and has direct input in exploring the generated volume.
  • 866
  • 16 Nov 2022
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