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Topic Review
Stairlift
A stair lift is a mechanical device for lifting people, typically those with disabilities, up and down stairs. For sufficiently wide stairs, a rail is mounted to the treads of the stairs. A chair or lifting platform is attached to the rail. A person gets onto the chair or platform and is lifted up or down the stairs by the chair which moves along the rail. Stairlifts are known variously as stair lifts, stair-lifts, chair lifts, stair gliders and by other names. This type of chair lift should not be confused with the chairlift used by skiers. The term stair climber can refer either to stair lifts, or more commonly to the exercise equipment by the same name. Some of the first stair lifts to be produced commercially were advertised and sold in the U.S. in the 1930s by the Inclinator Company of America. Many users at the time were victims of polio. Now they are seen for use in elderly, fall-prone individuals, and the disabled who are unable to navigate stairs safely.
  • 879
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Natural Esters Additives to Improve the Properties
Regardless of their environmental and technical merits, natural esters have some limitations that are slowing down their total acceptance by transformer owners and utilities. Critical limitations and concerns include esters’ pour point, viscosity, oxidative stability, and ionization resistance.
  • 879
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Energy storage technologies application Potentials
Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar are frequently hit by fluctuations due to, for example, insufficient wind or sunshine. Energy storage technologies (ESTs) mitigate the problem by storing excess energy generated and then making it accessible on demand. While there are various EST studies, the literature remains isolated and dated. The comparison of the characteristics of ESTs and their potential applications is also short. This paper fills this gap. Using selected criteria, it identifies key ESTs and provides an updated review of the literature on ESTs and their application potential to the renewable energy sector.
  • 879
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Removal of Oil Pollutants in Soil
Oil-contaminated soil is one of the most concerning problems due to its potential damage to humans, animals, and the environment. In recent years, surfactant foam and nanoparticles have shown high removal of oil pollutants from contaminated soil. Researchers provide an overview on the remediation of oil pollutants in soil using nanoparticles, surfactant foams, and nanoparticle-stabilized surfactant foams. In particular, the fate and transport of oil compounds in the soil, the interaction of nanoparticles and surfactant foam, the removal mechanisms of nanoparticles and various surfactant foams, the effect of some factors (e.g., soil characteristics and amount, nanoparticle properties, surfactant concentration) on remediation efficiency, and some advantages and disadvantages of these methods are evaluated.
  • 879
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Modelling of Activated Sludge Process
The activated sludge process (ASP) is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment system. A typical model that would simulate the ASP operation will have the following steps: a model objective, data collection, mathematical equations or models for each ASP as mentioned above, model calibration, and model validation. There are three main types of modelling that have been historically used for the ASP: deterministic or mechanistic modelling, stochastic modelling, and hybrid models combining the two approaches.The most efficient models use hybrid models where stochastic modelling is used for the hard-to-define parameters and variables in the treatment process.
  • 878
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Carpets on Indoor Air Quality
Interest in having a healthy and well-being environment has increased the awareness to improve indoor air quality (IAQ). Building materials influence the contribution of indoor air pollution, so understanding their behaviour on IAQ is essential. Among building materials, carpets cover surfaces of indoor environments and significantly impact IAQ due to their large surface area and multi-layers of materials components.
  • 878
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Complex Motions in Soft Robotics
During the last years, great progress was made in material science in terms of concept, design and fabrication of new composite materials with conferred properties and desired functionalities. The scientific community paid particular interest to active soft materials, such as soft actuators, for their potential as transducers responding to various stimuli aiming to produce mechanical work. Inspired by this, materials engineers today are developing multidisciplinary approaches to produce new active matters, focusing on the kinematics allowed by the material itself more than on the possibilities offered by its design. Traditionally, more complex motions beyond pure elongation and bending are addressed by the robotics community. From basic kinematics (bending, twisting, shear, and compression/elongation) and towards the generation of complex motions (when building the actuator  into the rest of the robot body), several mechanical programming strategies are described in the literature. A wide set of complex motions can be obtained, strongly related to the targeted application.  We define complex motions as deformations beyond pure elongation, shear, twist or bending.
  • 877
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
S3 Savage
Savage was a product-line of PC graphics chipsets designed by S3.
  • 877
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Density Meter
A density meter, also known as a densimeter, is a device that measures the density. Density is usually abbreviated as either [math]\displaystyle{ \rho }[/math] or [math]\displaystyle{ D }[/math]. Typically, density either has the units of [math]\displaystyle{ kg/m^3 }[/math] or [math]\displaystyle{ lb/ft^3 }[/math]. The most basic principle of how density is calculated is by the formula: Where: Many density meters can measure both the wet portion and the dry portion of a sample. The wet portion comprises the density from all liquids present in the sample. The dry solids comprise solely of the density of the solids present in the sample. A density meter does not measure the specific gravity of a sample directly. However, the specific gravity can be inferred from a density meter. The specific gravity is defined as the density of a sample compared to the density of a reference. The reference density is typically of that of water. The specific gravity is found by the following equation: Where: Density meters come in many varieties. Different types include: nuclear, coriolis, ultrasound, microwave, and gravitic. Each type measures the density differently. Each type has its advantages and drawbacks. Density meters have many applications in various parts of various industries. Density meters are used to measure slurries, sludges, and other liquids that flow through the pipeline. Industries such as mining, dredging, wastewater treatment, paper, oil, and gas all have uses for density meters at various points during their respective processes.
  • 877
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Nordic Folkboat
The Nordic Folkboat (Swedish: Nordisk Folkbåt) is a Swedish sailboat that was designed by Jac Iversen (sv) and Tord Sundén as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1942. Even though Sundén drafted the plans with design ideas provided by Iversen, Sundén was never credited as the actual designer of the boat. The Nordic Folkboat was developed into the Sundén-designed International Folkboat in 1967. The International Folkboat was expressly designed for fibreglass construction. The International 25 and the Olsen 26 are also based upon this design. The Junior Folkboat designed by Erik Salander (båtkonstruktör) (sv) actually dates from 1929. It was originally called the "Juniors Bad" (Junior boat), but was latter renamed because of its strong resemblance to the later and larger Nordic Folkboat.
  • 877
  • 04 Nov 2022
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