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Biography
Susan Kilrain
Susan Kilrain (born October 24, 1961) is an engineer, a former United States Navy officer, and a former NASA astronaut. Kilrain was born in Augusta, Georgia, as Susan Leigh Still to Dr. Joseph Still, M.D. and his wife, Jean Ann Batho; she has nine siblings. Her father was a prominent burn surgeon who founded and directed the Joseph M. Still Burn Center in Augusta, Georgia. Kilrain graduated f
  • 973
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Whey for Bioethanol Production by Yeast
Concerns about fossil fuel depletion and the environmental effects of greenhouse gas emissions have led to widespread fermentation-based production of bioethanol from corn starch or sugarcane. However, competition for arable land with food production has led to the extensive investigation of lignocellulosic sources and waste products of the food industry as alternative sources of fermentable sugars. In particular, whey, a lactose-rich, inexpensive byproduct of dairy production, is available in stable, high quantities worldwide. Therefore, whey is indeed an ideal alternative feedstock for fuel ethanol feedstock because it can provide a remarkable 6–10 million tons of lactose annually. However, despite the availability of this massive, underutilized resource, it faces challenges in being adopted at a commercial scale since S. cerevisiae, the most common fermentative species for transforming sugars to ethanol, lacks the enzyme required for lactose utilization and thus cannot ferment whey into ethanol without further metabolic engineering. 
  • 973
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Rotary Desiccant-Based Air-Conditioning Systems
A rotary desiccant-based air-conditioning system is a heat-driven hybrid system which combines different technologies such as desiccant dehumidification, evaporative cooling, refrigeration, and regeneration. This system has an opportunity to utilize low-grade thermal energy obtained from the sun or other sources.
  • 973
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Power Grid Infrastructures
This content presents a comprehensive review of protection systems with the penetration of microgrids in the distribution network. The expansion of a microgrid affects the coordination and protection by a change in the current direction in the distribution network. 
  • 972
  • 01 Dec 2020
Biography
Avery Fisher
Avery Robert Fisher (March 4, 1906 – February 26, 1994) was an amateur violinist, pioneer in the field of sound reproduction, and founder of once prestigious Fisher Electronics. He served on the board for Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, the New York Philharmonic, Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, and the Marlboro Festival. He also established the Avery Fisher Artist Program that
  • 972
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nondestructive Testing Technologies for Rail Inspection
Nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques in conjunction with artificial intelligence approaches have tremendous potential and viability because it is highly possible to improve the detection accuracy which has been proven in various conventional nondestructive testing techniques.
  • 972
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Respirator Cartridge
A respirator cartridge or canister is a container that cleans pollution from air. People working in polluted atmospheres use respirators for health preservation. If the air in the workplace is polluted with noxious gases, but contains sufficient oxygen (>19.5% in US; >18% in RF) they often use air-purifying respirators (APR). These respirators provide users breathable air by removing pollution from ambient air using canisters or cartridges. There are cartridges of different types, and they must be chosen correctly and replaced in a timely manner.
  • 971
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Treatments for Minimizing Sewage Sludge
Similar to other types of waste, sewage sludge (SS) must be minimized, not only to respect the European Directive 2018/851 on waste, but also because the cost of sludge management is approximately 50% of the total running costs of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Usually, minimization technologies can involve sewage sludge production with three different strategies: (i) adopting a process in the water line that reduces the production of sludge; (ii) reducing the water content (dewatering processes) or (iii) reducing the fraction of volatile solids (stabilization).
  • 971
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Machine Learning for RC monitoring
The reciprocating compressor (RC) is a key piece of equipment in petroleum and chemical industries. If the RC does not operate in the rated efficiency, it will lead to great economic loss to the company. Sometimes RCs are used to compress inflammable and explosive gases working under high pressures and temperatures, such as hydrogen, ethylene, and natural gas, which would threat human life once the machine malfunctions. Furthermore, due to the intricate structure of the compressor, a large amount of wearing parts, and the complicated interactional relationship between moving parts of the compressor, it is essential to monitor the compressor operating condition and detect failures of RCs accurately and in a timely manner. Operating condition detection and fault diagnosis are very important for reliable operation of reciprocating compressors. Machine learning is one of the most powerful tools in this field.
  • 970
  • 06 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Trends in Emission of Marine Traffic Haifa Port
The vessel fleet calling at Israel ports mainly comprises vessels that have a lower engine tier grade (i.e., Tier 0 and 1), which is considered a heavy contributor to nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution. The entry recommends an additional cost charged (selective tariff) to reflect the external social cost linked to the single vessel air pollution combined with supportive technological infrastructure and economic incentive tools (e.g., electric subsidy) to attract or influence vessel owners to assign vessels equipped with new engine tier grades for calls at Israeli ports.
  • 970
  • 17 Jan 2022
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