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Topic Review
Efficient Structural Design with ANNs
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are showing their potential as structural design tools. ANNs are applied to design a dry precast concrete connection. They can be easily and effectively adapted to different connection parameters, being possible to use them in both precast or cast in situ concrete connection design.
  • 990
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Haptic Devices Designed for Hearing-Impaired People
Haptic devices transmit information to the user, using tactile stimuli to augment or replace sensory input. People with limited sensory abilities, such as vision or hearing can receive supplementary information by relying on them.
  • 989
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 and Lean Six Sigma Integration
In recent years, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has been a recurrent theme in the literature on Lean Six Sigma (LSS), given the synergies that can arise from their combination. However, several factors can affect the integration of I4.0 and LSS in practice. This article presents a systematic literature review of the barriers to integration and the critical success factors (i.e., enablers) involved in this process.
  • 989
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ShKAS Machine Gun
The ShKAS (Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny, Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft; Russian: ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a 7.62 mm calibre machine gun widely used by Soviet aircraft in the 1930s and during World War II. The ShKAS had the highest rate of fire of any aircraft machine gun in general service during WWII. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Irinarkh Komaritsky and entered production in 1934. ShKAS was used in the majority of Soviet fighters and bombers and served as the basis for the ShVAK cannon.
  • 988
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Repulsion Motor
A repulsion motor is a type of electric motor for using on alternating current (AC). It was formerly used as a traction motor for electric trains (e.g. SR Class CP and SR Class SL electric multiple units) but has been superseded by other types of motors. Repulsion motors are classified under single phase motors. In repulsion motors the stator windings are connected directly to the AC power supply and the rotor is connected to a commutator and brush assembly, similar to that of a direct current (DC) motor.
  • 988
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Wearable Sensors in Para-Sports
Wearable sensors provide a promising opportunity to quantitatively assess the individual functional capacities of an athlete with disability in an ecological environment. The available evidence for the application of wearable sensors in sport for athletes with disabilities is mainly focused on performance assessment and characterization for training optimization, mirroring classic aspects of sports biomechanics in non-disabled athletes. Applications specific to sports for people with disability, such as athlete classification and injury prevention, are limited but indicate possible directions for further development. Finally, since the equipment is frequently of particular importance in sports for persons with disability, the literature indicates that wearable systems are promising to support the customization of equipment to meet the athlete's individual needs.
  • 987
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Maruti Gypsy
The Maruti Gypsy is a four-wheel-drive vehicle based on the long wheelbase Suzuki Jimny SJ40/410 series. It is primarily an off-road vehicle, or a vehicle for rough unprepared roads. It was sold in New Zealand as the Suzuki Farm Worker. It was assembled at the Maruti Suzuki's Gurgaon plant in India.
  • 987
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Electrospun Nanofibers in Batteries
Electrospinning spinning techniques enables spinning continuous nanofibers with typical diameters in the range of some ten to some hundred nanometers. Rechargeable or secondary batteries are electrochemical power sources commonly utilized in portable devices such as camcorders, mobile phones, laptops, and electric transportations. In general, batteries are comprised of one or more electrochemical cells. Positive electrode (cathode), negative electrode (anode), porous separator membrane, and ionic conductive electrolyte are the essential components for fabrication of each electrochemical cell, electrospun fibers could enhanced various characteristics of electrolytic cells.
  • 986
  • 06 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Copper/Carbon Composites Prepared by Infiltration Technique
The liquid metal infiltration of carbon preformed with copper and its alloys is already an established and well-known process. It is extensively used by the electronic industry to produce heat sinks of power electronics and electric contacts and sliding electric contacts. The advantage of the process is its ability to produce near net shape components with high volume fractions of carbon at a relatively low price. The process is carried out in a vacuum and with low applied pressure. However, a strong dependence on the temperature of infiltration and its precise control is significant for the sound final product. For certain pair carbon matrix–copper alloys, different results could be obtained according to the infiltration temperature. If the temperature is too low, the solidification may occur prior to complete infiltration (high final porosity). When the temperature is too high, undesirable reactions may occur at the fiber–matrix interface (e.g., corrosive carbides). Therefore, there are still a lot of scientific papers pushing this technology to new directions and over old limits. Publications inside scientific journals within this field deal with composite materials for sliding electrical contact and electrical contact materials, sealing materials, parts of brake disks, pantograph strips for high-speed railways, other electric and mechanical applications and even for wall surface shields in future fusion devices.
  • 986
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Requirements and Types of Face Masks
There are different types of face masks (e.g., 3-ply surgical masks, a wide range of fabric masks, single-use face masks, and face shields) and respirators available commercially to protect individuals from getting and/or spreading COVID-19. Face masks are designed to protect primarily from respiratory droplets and particles to some extent. In contrast, the respirators are designed with extended protection against respiratory droplets, particles, and the virus that cause COVID-19. Both face masks and respirators have certain requirements to ensure performance and efficacy at a reliable and consistent level. Mask standards, ratings. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), ASTM International, and International Organization for Standardization (formerly known as International Association for Testing Materials) are engaged in creating an open and transparent consensus standards development process for addressing the standards gap identified during the wake of COVID-19 pandemic. The development of standards aimed to define performance requirements for source control, the protective efficacy of face mask or barrier face coverings, and standardized products to inform user selection decisions. The primary purpose of these specifications is to enable source control to protect the mass public with performance requirements such as protection capability, comfort, reusability, and so on. There are a few basic requirements of face masks to be used effectively, including an excellent fit over the nose and mouth of the user to prevent leaking (use of fitter, base, or nose wire) and the use of multi-layer non-woven but breathable fabrics for preventing bright light.
  • 986
  • 25 Apr 2022
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