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Topic Review
Dodge Charger (L-body)
The Dodge Charger (L-body) was a subcompact 3-door hatchback/fastback built by Dodge from 1983 to 1987, and based on Chrysler's front-wheel drive L platform. A companion model, the Plymouth Turismo, was also marketed.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Flow Battery
A flow battery, or redox flow battery (after reduction–oxidation), is a type of electrochemical cell where chemical energy is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids that are pumped through the system on separate sides of a membrane. Ion exchange (accompanied by flow of electric current) occurs through the membrane while both liquids circulate in their own respective space. Cell voltage is chemically determined by the Nernst equation and ranges, in practical applications, from 1.0 to 2.43 volts. A flow battery may be used like a fuel cell (where the spent fuel is extracted and new fuel is added to the system) or like a rechargeable battery (where an electric power source drives regeneration of the fuel). While it has technical advantages over conventional rechargeables, such as potentially separable liquid tanks and near unlimited longevity, current implementations are comparatively less powerful and require more sophisticated electronics. The energy capacity is a function of the electrolyte volume and the power is a function of the surface area of the electrodes.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Fuel Energy
Most fuels are natural compounds, such as petro fuel, diesel, and natural gas, either taken directly from the ground or refined from petroleum. Fuels can be categorized according to various forms. They are classified as solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels based on their physical appearance. Primary and secondary sub-classifications categorize wood, coal, and peat as primary fuels and coke and charcoal as secondary solid fuels. Similarly, petroleum is a primary liquid fuel; diesel, gasoline, kerosene, LPG, ethanol, and biodiesel are secondary biofuels. Finally, there is another category of fuels similar to gaseous fuels, in which natural gas is a perfect sample of primary gaseous fuel. On the other hand, hydrogen, propane, methane, coal gas, and water gas are secondary gaseous fuels. In addition, petrol, gas oil, diesel fuel, fuel oils, aviation fuel, jet fuel, and marine fuel are typical forms of fuel. Another classification is based on the purpose of fuel. For example, materials burnt to generate nuclear energy are called nuclear fuels, and those producing heat are called thermal fuels. The burning of plutonium produces nuclear energy. When burning coal, wood, oil, or gases, they produce heat.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Vision-Based Vibration Monitoring
Contactless structural monitoring has in recent years seen a growing number of applications in civil engineering. Indeed, the elimination of physical installations of sensors is very attractive, especially for structures that might not be easily or safely accessible, yet requiring the experimental evaluation of their conditions, for example following extreme events such as strong earthquakes, explosions, and floods. Among contactless technologies, vision-based monitoring is possibly the solution that has attracted most of the interest of civil engineers, given that the advantages of contactless monitoring can be potentially obtained thorough simple and low-cost consumer-grade instrumentations.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jan 2021
Topic Review
SMPTE 292M
SMPTE 292 is a digital video transmission standard published by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) which expands upon SMPTE 259 and SMPTE 344 allowing for bit-rates of 1.485 Gbit/s, and 1.485/1.001 Gbit/s. These bit-rates are sufficient for and often used to transfer uncompressed high-definition video. This standard is usually referred to as HD-SDI; it is part of a family of standards that define a Serial Digital Interface based on a coaxial cable, intended to be used for transport of uncompressed digital video and audio in a television studio environment. The “M” designator was originally introduced to signify metric dimensions. It is no longer used in listings or filenames. Units of the International System of Units (SI) are the preferred units of measurement in all SMPTE Engineering Documents.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Phenolic Compounds
Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals with functions in pigmentation, astringency, protection against ultraviolet rays and antioxidant activity, being widely found in natural sources such as fruits, teas, spices, wine and honey. These compounds have received much attention in recent decades due to evidence related to positive health effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, vasodilatory and cardioprotective activity, contributing to the improvement in metabolic markers associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Studied Space Shuttle Variations and Derivatives
During the lifetime of NASA's Space Shuttle, Rockwell International and many other organizations studied different Space Shuttle variations and derivatives. These studies included different ways to increase shuttle payload capability, crew capacity, and developing standalone reusable launch vehicles. A large focus of the program was towards new shuttle boosters and an upgrades to the external tank but also looked to expand NASA's ability to launch deep space missions and build large modular space stations. Many of these concepts and studies would shape the concepts and programs of the 2000s such as Constellation, Orbital Space Plane Program, and Artemis program.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Factors Affecting the Hydrothermal Liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical depolymerization technology, also known as hydrous pyrolysis, that transforms wet biomass into biocrude and valuable chemicals at a moderate temperature (usually 200–400 °C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). In HTL, water acts as a key reactant in HTL activities. The reaction’s process parameters mostly influence the distribution, composition, and characteristics of HTL products; therefore, optimizing those factors can aid in producing biocrude with a high yield and suitable quality. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sound Transmission Class
Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Outside the US, the Sound Reduction Index (SRI) ISO index is used. The STC rating very roughly reflects the decibel reduction of noise that a partition can provide. The STC is useful for evaluating annoyance due to speech sounds, but not music or machinery noise as these sources contain more low frequency energy than speech. There are many ways to improve the sound transmission class of a partition, though the two most basic principles are adding mass and increasing the overall thickness. In general, the sound transmission class of a double leaf wall (e.g. two 4"-thick brick walls separated by a 2" airspace) is greater than a single wall of equivalent mass (e.g. homogeneous 8" brick wall).
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
InP based HEMTs
High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT), also known as HFETs or modulation doped Field Effect Transistors (MODFETs), is a form of field effect transistor, which is capable of providing high levels of performances at microwave frequencies.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 May 2021
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