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Topic Review
Biomedical Photonic Sensors
Photonic Sensors (PS) are the set of devices/systems designed to carry out the faithful reproduction of the measurand in the electrical domain using photonic technologies in their key sensor parts.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Glass Crystalline Materials
Glass crystalline materials (GCM) are composite solids consisting of both vitreous and crystalline phases. The major component can be the crystalline phase with a vitreous phase acting as a binding agent or alternatively the vitreous phase can be the major component, with crystalline particles dispersed in the glass matrix. 
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Atom (System on Chip)
Atom is a system on a chip (SoC) platform designed for smartphones and tablet computers, launched by Intel in 2012. It is a continuation of the partnership announced by Intel and Google on September 13, 2011 to provide support for the Android operating system on Intel x86 processors. This range competes with existing SoCs developed for the smartphone and tablet market from companies such as Texas Instruments, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung. Unlike these companies, which use ARM-based CPUs designed from the beginning to consume very low power, Intel has adapted the x86-based Intel Atom line of CPU developed for low power usage in netbooks, to even lower power usage. Since April 2012, several manufacturers have released Intel Atom-based tablets and phones as well as using the SoCs as a basis for other small form factor devices (e.g. mini PCs and stick PCs). In April 2016, Intel announced a major restructuring, including the cancellation of the SoFIA platform. It was reported by many news outlets that Broxton was cancelled.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Frequency Multipliers for Terahertz Remote Sensing System
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves have frequencies in the range of 0.1 THz to 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths of 3 mm to 30 μm. This frequency range is adjacent to millimeter-wave electromagnetic frequencies and infrared light wavelengths, and is thereby associated with the engineering domain of both electromagnetics and photonics. Due to insufficient development and utilization, this frequency is often referred to as a “terahertz gap”. Terahertz-wave technologies have unique properties that include a large-magnitude skin depth, good directivity, wide bandwidth and high imaging resolution. Therefore, terahertz-wave technologies possess an unparalleled advantage for remote sensing applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Jun 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Spread Faster with HVAC
Droplets and aerosolized viral particles expelling from the body through coughing or sneezing and it is spreading to nearby surroundings. CFD model has been developed to simulate the air flow and the transport and dispersion of the aerosolized viral particles and fine droplets suspended in the air particles through the office. The study presents two cases involving the spreading limits and pathways of the aerosolized viral particles and fine droplets suspended in the air in a place; without and with air conditioning unit. The results showed that the use of air conditioning systems can increase the chances of spreading COVID-19 virus infection. The air-conditioning unit recirculates the same air inside a room, and this has the potential to create a virus-laden environment. Air circulation indoors such as using air conditioning units should be avoided in closed places. Existing ventilation systems should be expanded to include extraction and air filtration systems and/or germicidal, ultraviolet light. Also, opening a window can help bring in fresh air from the outside and disperse stale air inside, and that could help reduce the possibility of the spread of the virus particles in the closed place. Lastly, crowds of people in closed public places should be avoided (HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning).
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Hydraulic Accumulators in Hydraulic Systems
Electric motors used in industrial machines and devices, as well as internal combustion engines (ICE) used in vehicles, mobile machines, and marine devices, participate in the transformation of mechanical power into hydraulic power. In power transmission, hydraulic drive systems have a high power density. Hydraulic pumps, as energy sources in hydraulic drive systems, are widely used due to their high working pressure and high flow rate. The hydraulic accumulator (HA) is a device that is used to store energy in the hydraulic system in the form of pressure energy. 
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Classification of Waste Biomass and Biogenic Materials
Waste biomasses such as oil seed crops, lignocellulosic materials (e.g., agricultural and forest residues), microalgae, energy crops, manure, food waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste have a huge potential to provide energy and value-added products via different conversion technologies.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Shubnikov–De Haas Effect
An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields, the Shubnikov–De Haas effect (SdH) is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter. It is often used to determine the effective mass of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes), allowing investigators to distinguish among majority and minority carrier populations. The effect is named after Wander Johannes de Haas and Lev Shubnikov.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Electronic Textiles
Electronic textiles belong to the broader range of smart (or “intelligent”) textiles. Their “smartness” is enabled by embedded or added electronics and allows the sensing of defined parameters of their environment as well as actuating according to these sensor data. For this purpose, different sensors (e.g., temperature, strain, light sensors) and actuators (e.g., LEDs or mechanical actuators) are embedded and connected with a power supply, a data processor, and internal/external communication. 
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Design of Sustainable Flexible Pavement
The conventional methodologies for the design of flexible pavements are not adequate in providing solutions that meet the diverse sustainability challenges. Therefore, developing new methodologies and frameworks for the design of flexible pavement has become a priority for most highway agencies. On the other hand, there is no sound sustainable flexible pavement framework at the design phase that considers the key engineering performance, environmental impact, and economic benefits of sustainability metrics. Hence, premature failure of flexible pavements has become a common problem leading to a growing demand for sustainable pavement. Pavement engineers need to have access to tools that permit them to design flexible pavements capable of providing sustainable solutions under various complex scenarios and uncertainties.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Jan 2022
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