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Topic Review
Hamburger Flugzeugbau HFB 320 Hansa Jet
The HFB 320 Hansa Jet is a twin-engine, ten-seat business jet that was designed and produced by Germany aircraft manufacturer Hamburger Flugzeugbau between 1964 and 1973. The most recognisable and unconventional feature of the aircraft is its forward-swept wing. The Hansa Jet begun development during the 1960s, the selection of the forward-swept wing can be largely attributed to head engineer Hans Wocke, who had previously worked on the experimental Junkers Ju 287. It possessed a spacious cabin, which was achieved due to its wing design, but was a relatively heavy aircraft, posing some issues during both take-off and landing. On 21 April 1964, the prototype conducted its maiden flight. On 12 May 1965, the first prototype was lost during a test flight, killing Hamburger Flugzeugbau's chief test pilot; several design changes were made to change the Hansa Jet's stall characteristics. Type certification of the Hansa Jet was received during early 1967 and the first deliveries commenced during the following year. The largest customer of the type was the German Air Force , who tasked it with both training and VIP transport duties. During 1973, it was decided to end production of the Hansa Jet. Reasons for the programme's termination include increased competition from newer executive jets, a decline in the value of the US dollar, and the limited sales of the type. The German Air Force continued to operate their Hansa Jets into the early 1990s. A limited number continued to be used amongst civilian operators into the 21st century.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Carbon as a Biomaterial for Scaffold Development
A scaffold is a crucial biological substitute designed to aid the treatment of damaged tissue caused by trauma and disease. Various scaffolds are developed with different materials, known as biomaterials, and have shown to be a potential tool to facilitate in vitro cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Among the materials studied, carbon materials are potential biomaterials that can be used to develop scaffolds for cell growth. Many researchers have attempted to build a scaffold following the origin of the tissue cell by mimicking the pattern of their extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, extensive studies were performed on the various parameters that could influence cell behaviour. Previous studies have shown that various factors should be considered in scaffold production, including the porosity, pore size, topography, mechanical properties, wettability, and electroconductivity, which are essential in facilitating cellular response on the scaffold. These interferential factors will help determine the appropriate architecture of the carbon-based scaffold, influencing stem cell (SC) response.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Food Supply Chain Enchanced by Industry 5.0 Technologies
The consequences of a crisis for a society depend on the level of society preparedness for the crisis, infrastructure in place, and training and skills of people engaged. The technologies (e.g., IoE, CC, blockchain, AI, DT, and 6G) of Industry 5.0 are yet to be fully explored and exploited in ensuring the resilience and sustainability of food systems. Therefore, this research sketches out a complete concept of a food system using Industry 5.0 technologies, and the main focus has been given to the use of 6G, AI, blockchain, and digital twin (DT) at different processes from production to distribution and retail to help optimize the food supply chain and thwart any possible disruption thereof.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Resonant Vibration Energy Harvesters
An increasing number of practical applications (e.g. medical implants, embedded sensors in buildings and bridges, industrial applications) are based on the use of Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs), which are small computing devices capable of collecting and transmitting data to a base station. In order to limit or to avoid the drawbacks associated to the use of primary batteries (expensive maintenance/replacement, insufficient or unpredictable duration of operational life, not eco-friendly disposal due to their hazardous chemical content), the required energy can be delivered to the WSNs by energy harvesting. Energy harvesting is the conversion of otherwise wasted energy into electrical energy. Since vibrations can be found almost everywhere, an interesting possibility is represented by the use of vibration energy harvesters.  Here the attention is focused on Resonant Vibration Energy Harvesters (RVEHs) and in particular on Piezoelectric RVEHs and Electromagnetic RVEHs. A brief description of their operating principles is provided and their equivalent electric circuits are analyzed in order to identify the operating conditions able to maximize the extracted electrical power. This is a crucial aspect in applications involving energy harvesting systems. Moreover a brief introduction to the concepts of Electrical and Mechanical Tuning Techniques is also provided.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19: IoT Adoption in Healthcare
COVID-19 has disrupted normal life and has enforced a substantial change in the policies, priorities and activities of individuals, organisations and governments. These changes are proving to be a catalyst for technology and innovation. In this entry, we discuss the pandemic's potential impact on the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare. Our perspective and forecast of this impact on IoT adoption is based on a thorough research literature review, a careful examination of reports from leading consulting firms and interactions with several industry experts. For each of these sectors, we also provide the details of notable IoT initiatives taken in wake of COVID-19. We also highlight the challenges that need to be addressed and important research directions that will facilitate accelerated IoT adoption.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) exhibits the advantages of thermal insulation, reduces energy consumption building costs, improves building efficiency and easy construction. Furthermore, the utilization of industrial wastes in concrete is advantageous in terms of environmental sustainability.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
China Intelligent Manufacturing Technology in the Steel Industry
Intelligent manufacturing, defined as the integration of manufacturing with modern information technologies such as 5G, digitalization, networking, and intelligence, has grown in popularity as a means of boosting the productivity, intelligence, and flexibility of traditional manufacturing processes. The steel industry is a necessary support for modern life and economic development, and the Chinese steel industry’s capacity has expanded to roughly half of global production.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Microgrid Operation Mode and Architectures
Energy security and the resilience of electricity networks have gained critical momentum as subjects of research. The challenges of meeting the increasing electrical energy demands and the decarbonisation efforts necessary to mitigate the effects of climate change have highlighted the importance of microgrids for the effective integration of renewable energy sources. Microgrids (MGs) can operate in grid-connected and islanded operation. MG architectures are categorised as alternating current microgrid (ACMG), direct current microgrid (DCMG) and hybrid microgrid (HMG).
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
List of Methods of Torture
A list of torture methods and devices includes:
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ram Pickup
The Ram pickup (formerly the Dodge Ram pickup) is a full-size pickup truck manufactured by FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group LLC) and marketed as of 2011 onwards under the Ram Trucks brand. The current fifth-generation Ram debuted at the 2018 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan in January of that year. Previously, Ram was part of the Dodge line of light trucks. The name Ram was first used in 1932–1954 Dodge Trucks, then returned on the redesigned 1981 Ram and Power Ram, following the retiring and rebadging of the Dodge D Series pickup trucks as well as B-series vans. Ram trucks have been named Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year six times; the second-generation Ram won the award in 1994, the third-generation Ram Heavy Duty won the award in 2003, the fourth-generation Ram Heavy Duty won in 2010 and the fourth-generation Ram 1500 won in 2013 and 2014, and the current fifth-generation Ram 1500 won in 2019.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Nov 2022
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