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Topic Review
Biological Methods of Producing Hydrogen from Biomass
Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly biofuel which, if widely used, could reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. The main barrier to the widespread use of hydrogen for power generation is the lack of technologically feasible and—more importantly—cost-effective methods of production and storage. Hydrogen has been produced using thermochemical methods (such as gasification, pyrolysis or water electrolysis) and biological methods (most of which involve anaerobic digestion and photofermentation), with conventional fuels, waste or dedicated crop biomass used as a feedstock. Microalgae possess very high photosynthetic efficiency, can rapidly build biomass, and possess other beneficial properties, which is why they are considered to be one of the strongest contenders among biohydrogen production technologies.
  • 212
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Algae Biomass as Source of Liquid Fuels
Algae biomass is perceived as a prospective source of many types of biofuels, including biogas and biomethane produced in the anaerobic digestion process, ethanol from alcoholic fermentation, biodiesel synthesized from lipid reserve substances, and biohydrogen generated in photobiological transformations. Environmental and economic analyses as well as technological considerations indicate that methane fermentation integrated with bio-oil recovery is one of the most justified directions of energy use of microalgae biomass for energy purposes. A promising direction in the development of bioenergy systems based on the use of microalgae is their integration with waste and pollution neutralization technologies.
  • 92
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology and Artificial Intelligence
In response to the urgent need to address climate change and reduce carbon emissions, there has been a growing interest in innovative approaches that integrate AI and CDR technology.
  • 157
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Microalgae Cultivation Technologies for Bioenergetic System Development
Microalgal biomass is considered as a sustainable and renewable feedstock for biofuel production (biohydrogen, biomethane, biodiesel) characterized by lower emissions of hazardous air pollutants than fossil fuels. Photobioreactors for microalgae growth can be exploited using many industrial and domestic wastes. It allows locating the commercial microalgal systems in areas that cannot be employed for agricultural purposes, i.e., near heating or wastewater treatment plants and other industrial facilities producing carbon dioxide and organic and nutrient compounds. 
  • 181
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Pool Boiling Enhancement Techniques
Several enhancement approaches relating to the underlying fluid route and the capability to eliminate incipient boiling hysteresis, augment the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient, and improve the critical heat flux are assessed.
  • 295
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Edge Intelligent with Internet of Things
Internet of Things (IoT) connects various industrial actuators, devices, and people at work. IoT provide additional insight into industrial applications, as well as minimize human labour and time and create a path for Industry 4.0.
  • 103
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Machine Learning Design for High-Entropy Alloys
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted worldwide interest due to their excellent properties and vast compositional space for design. However, obtaining HEAs with low density and high properties through experimental trial-and-error methods results in low efficiency and high costs. Although high-throughput calculation (HTC) improves the design efficiency of HEAs, the accuracy of prediction is limited owing to the indirect correlation between the theoretical calculation values and performances. Machine learning (ML) from real data has attracted increasing attention to assist in material design, which is closely related to performance. 
  • 123
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence and Solar Forecasting
Solar energy forecasting is essential for the effective integration of solar power into electricity grids and the optimal management of renewable energy resources.
  • 198
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biomaterials Adapted to Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing
Along with the rapid and extensive advancements in the 3D printing field, a diverse range of uses for 3D printing have appeared in the spectrum of medical applications. Vat photopolymerization (VPP) stands out as one of the most extensively researched methods of 3D printing, with its main advantages being a high printing speed and the ability to produce high-resolution structures. A major challenge in using VPP 3D-printed materials in medicine is the general incompatibility of standard VPP resin mixtures with the requirements of biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Instead of developing completely new materials, an alternate approach to solving this problem involves adapting existing biomaterials. Biomaterials may be of organic or inorganic nature, and when considering the process, there are no significant differences reported in the 3D printing between these categories, as each material shows limitations and specific methods for adaptation to VPP. However, a relevant difference lies in the temporal and procedural requisites for reaching their final (synthetic) form. Organic biomaterials, in particular, require additional chemical steps, the most relevant involving the need for the polymerization of an organic compound (to be distinguished from the polymerization occurring during the 3D printing process) under specific reaction conditions.
  • 176
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Pores in 3D-Printed Scaffolds
Extrusion-based 3D printing technology has become a pivotal approach in tissue engineering, particularly in the fabrication of polymer-based cell-free and cell-laden constructs. Terminology is pivotal for facilitating clear communication and minimizing ambiguity, especially in specialized fields such as chemistry. In materials science, a subset of chemistry, the term “pore” is traditionally linked to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature, which categorizes pores into “micro”, “meso”, and “macro” based on size.
  • 565
  • 28 Feb 2024
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