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Topic Review
Wave-Structure-Seabed Interactions and Scour
Sediment transport has been the subject of extensive research over recent decades, particularly wave–structure interactions and, more importantly, their effects on the seabed. It includes mechanical models, analytical solutions of wave–structure–seabed interactions, and their verification with numerical models and experimental tests. Experimentally, both field and laboratory measurements focus on the structure foundation. Moreover, given the great progress in numerical modelling in the last decade, there is a need to put into context and focus the most widely used numerical approaches for modelling the wave-structure-seabed interaction. The numerical model selected and the resolution method depend mainly on the coastal study area, the importance and dependence of the processes involved, the temporal-spatial scale of the problem and the computational time.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Wave Energy Resource
Advanced assessment of the wave energy resource is fundamental to guarantee the implementation of energy converters in the marine environment, thus capturing the available power with maximum efficiency, reduced costs, and minimum environmental impacts. We review here the most recent resource characterizations encompassing a panel of approaches and techniques applied to available observations (in situ and satellite), hindcast and reanalysis archives, and refined numerical simulations specifically dedicated to wave power assessments. After a description of formulations adopted to characterize the wave energy flux, the review exhibits a series of energy metrics and selection indexes considered to refine the analysis. Benefits, limitations and potential of the different methods were discussed with respect to different applications in the most energetic locations around the world.
  • 711
  • 24 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Wave Energy Marine Buoys
The power supply is usually the bottleneck for marine distributed systems such as buoys. Wave energy technologies are especially useful in this sense, as they can capture and convert the promising “native” renewable energy in the ocean (i.e., wave energy) into electricity.
  • 2.6K
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Wave Energy in the Mediterranean
The installed power of the several deployed WECs in the Mediterranean Sea varies between 3–2500 kW. Ten project cases of deployed WECs in the basin are presented, with their analysis of the essential features. Five different types of WEC have already been tested under real environmental conditions in Italy, Greece, Israel and Gibraltar, with Italy being the Mediterranean country with the most deployed WECs. The main questions of the relevant studies were the ongoing trends, the examination of WECs in combination with other renewable sources, the utilising of WECs for desalination, and the prospects of wave energy in the Mediterranean islands and ports.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Wave Energy Generation in Brazil
Seas and oceans offer great potential as a widely available source of clean and renewable energy near high energy consumption centers. This source of energy is a valuable option in the energy transition and in energy matrix decarbonization. Wave energy and an oscillating water column (OWC) device stand out as the types of ocean energy with the most potential. An onshore OWC requires locations with rocky outcrops and steeper slopes as the device needs to be physically installed and has lower energy dissipation due to friction with the seabed. However, Brazil has approximately 7490 km of coastlines, with various shoreline geometries and geomorphologies, some of which are very suitable for OWC implementation.
  • 258
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Wave Energy Converter
The overview of the types of wave energy converters (WECs) are classified through operational principle, absorbing wave direction, location, and power take-off.
  • 4.6K
  • 20 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Watersheds
A watershed is defined by natural topographic boundaries as an ecosystem of integrated terrestrial and aquatic systems, rather than the political boundaries, in which all of the incoming precipitation and snowmelt are collected into the stream reaches while a river basin is an area of land drained by a river, its tributaries and watersheds.
  • 639
  • 15 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Water–Energy–Food Nexus for Agro-Industrial Companies
The water–energy–food (WEF) nexus approach is gaining attention due to the challenge of better managing natural elements. Agro-industrial companies, given their environmental impacts, need to take sustainability into proper account. One important sustainability management concept used nowadays is the so-called water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. It means that the aforementioned elements are intrinsically managed together, and one action in one direction can affect both of the others. As a result, these three issues should be considered in an integrated manner because they are connected, and their utilization may expose important tradeoffs.
  • 384
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Water–Energy Nexus
The sustainability or green building rating system used in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Pearl Rating System (PRS) of Estidama, similar to other international rating systems such as LEED and BREEAM, considers several strategies, regulations, and policies to improve the energy and water performance in buildings. However, the applicability of considering water as part of energy or the fact that utilization of energy mandates the usage of water seems unexplored and not yet included in any of the existing building rating systems including LEED. A unified approach of the water and energy resources is hence vital for future considerations in energy policy, planning and the inclusion of the same in the sustainability rating systems as well. This paper investigates, as a case study, the prospects of water-energy nexus in the prevailing UAE green building rating system; Pearl Rating System(PRS) to bring out if any water conservation strategy has an adverse effect on energy and vice versa. The review revealed that the major shortcomings of PRS in terms of water-energy nexus strategy are the usage of reference codes not suitable to UAE’s climate and geographical conditions, inexistent synergy between some credit categories, oversight of rebound effects, and a need for credit reassessment. The paper also recommends that any proposed strategy to realign credit categories in terms of water-energy nexus with the potential risk to also have a hidden negative rebound effect which the researchers and practitioners should identify lest the water- energy tradeoff bring unprecedented repercussions. The theoretical analysis established that the bifurcating management of water and energy in the sustainability rating system and energy policy needs to be revisited in order to reap more sustainable and optimum results that is environmentally, ecologically and financially consistent. The theoretical analysis established that the bifurcating management of water and energy in the sustainability rating system and energy policy need to be reformed in order to reap more sustainable and optimum results that is environmentally, ecologically and financially consistent.  
  • 716
  • 12 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins are essential micronutrients in diets that ensure the biochemical functions of the human body and prevent diseases. They act as antioxidants, hormones, and mediators for cell signaling, cell/tissues regulators, and differentiation. They are sensitive compounds that are degraded during cooking and storage processes by factors such as light, heat, oxygen, moisture, pH, time, and reducing agents. Consequently, vitamin encapsulation can overcome limitations associated with external agents such as oxidants, heat, and low solubility, and promotes effective delivery into the body. Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins are two main groups of this type of micronutrient. Water-soluble vitamins are important for growth, development, and human body function. 
  • 1.0K
  • 23 May 2022
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