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Topic Review
Fuel Cell Heavy-Duty Vehicle
Long-haul heavy-duty vehicles, including trucks and coaches, contribute to a substantial portion of the modern-day European carbon footprint and pose a major challenge in emissions reduction due to their energy-intensive usage. Depending on the hydrogen fuel source, the use of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) for long-haul applications has shown significant potential in reducing road freight CO2 emissions until the possible maturity of future long-distance battery-electric mobility. Fuel cell heavy-duty (HD) propulsion presents some specific characteristics, advantages and operating constraints, along with the notable possibility of gains in powertrain efficiency and usability through improved system design and intelligent onboard energy and thermal management. 
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Waste Plastic Thermal Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is one of the most popular thermo-chemical treatment (TCT) methods known today. This is due to their immense impacts on the environment and their operational output. The significant role of pyrolysis with waste plastics as feedstock is trending. Most of these waste plastics which include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS), have continued to render our environment, our health and oceans in deplorable conditions. This entry presents an assurance into the current findings of waste plastic thermal pyrolysis (WPTP) and revealed some common research gaps and misconceptions surrounding this field. 
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Energy-Efficiency Passive Strategies for Mediterranean Climate
The main objective and function of passive solutions are to contribute to the natural cooling or heating of the building. They are constructive technologies integrated within buildings. The exchange of thermal energy takes place by natural means that, when dimensioned correctly, can significantly reduce a household’s energy bills. Several passive strategies, namely natural ventilation, shading devices, overhangs, and daylighting, associated with the building envelope’s characteristics are important passive design parameters that should be given particular attention to highlighting the potential of buildings for energy efficiency.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Selection of OCV–SOC Model for Battery Management Systems
A battery management system (BMS) plays a crucial role to ensure the safety, efficiency, and reliability of a rechargeable Li-ion battery pack. State of charge (SOC) estimation is an important operation within a BMS. Estimated SOC is required in several BMS operations, such as remaining power and mileage estimation, battery capacity estimation, charge termination, and cell balancing. The open circuit voltage (OCV) model needs to be stored within the battery management system for real-time SOC estimation. The selection, storage, and processing of OCV models involve several design constraints.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Gowind-Class Corvette
The Gowind design is a family of steel monohull corvettes developed since 2006 by France 's Naval Group, formerly known as DCNS, to conduct missions in littoral zone such as anti-submarine warfare (ASW). The Gowind family includes vessels with lengths from 85 m to 102 m and displacement from 1,000 t to 2,500 t. The Gowind design can deploy Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) and Underwater Unmanned Vehicles (UUVs). An aft deck has been provided allowing for a 10-ton class helicopter or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations. The platform's weapon system consists of a multi-functional radar and MICA SAM. It is armed with Exocet anti ship missiles. The propulsion system is based on Combined Diesel and Diesel (CODAD) and includes water-jets for improved maneuverability in shallow waters and high-speed performance. There is no funnel (smokestack) on these ships. The radar and other sensors are mounted on a single central mast thus allowing 360-degree view. Naval Group offers two variants of the design: Gowind 1000 and Gowind 2500.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
List of ARM Microarchitectures
This is a list of microarchitectures based on the ARM family of instruction sets designed by ARM Holdings and 3rd parties, sorted by version of the ARM instruction set, release and name. In 2005, ARM provided a summary of the numerous vendors who implement ARM cores in their design. Keil also provides a somewhat newer summary of vendors of ARM based processors. ARM further provides a chart displaying an overview of the ARM processor lineup with performance and functionality versus capabilities for the more recent ARM core families.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Radio-Absorbing Materials and Technologies for Their Production
Radio waves cover a fairly wide spectrum of the frequency range (the range of waves used is from ultra-long to millimeter; the range is from centimeters and meters to thousands of kilometers) and are harmonic signals modulated in amplitude and frequency. The main source of powerful electromagnetic radiation is an antenna that radiates a flow of electromagnetic energy in a directionally or non-directionally into the surrounding space.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Mechanochemical Machines for Biorefining
Grinding and mechanical pretreatment are very popular methods utilized to enhance the reactivity of polymers and plant raw materials; however, the choice of devices and their modes of action is often performed through trial and error. An inadequate choice of equipment often results in inefficient grinding, low reactivity of the product, excess energy expenditure, and significant wear of the equipment.
  • 1.5K
  • 03 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Sustainable Manufacturability of Archimedes Screw Turbines
Archimedes screw turbines are considered a new technology in small- or microscale hydropower. The Archimedes screw turbines is a hydroturbine that is geometrically modeled after Archimedean screws, which are machines historically used to pump water to higher elevations. Archimedes screw turbines are easy and practical to operate compared with other turbines. It is considered a fish-friendly turbine due to the geometric structure of the screw-shaped turbine that allows fish to swim in between them.
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning towards Digital Additive Manufacturing
Machine learning is a type of deep learning. First in the machine learning (ML) process is the manual extraction of relevant image characteristics. These characteristics are also used to classify the image according to its particular characteristics. Researchers focused primarily on digital additive manufacturing, one of the most significant emerging topics in Industry 4.0.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Dec 2022
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