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Topic Review
Sound Attenuators
A sound attenuator, or duct silencer, sound trap, or muffler, is a noise control acoustical treatment of Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) ductwork designed to reduce transmission of noise through the ductwork, either from equipment into occupied spaces in a building, or between occupied spaces. In its simplest form, a sound attenuator consists of an baffle within the ductwork. These baffles often contain sound-absorbing materials. The physical dimensions and baffle configuration of sound attenuators are selected to attenuate a specific range of frequencies. Unlike conventional internally-lined ductwork, which is only effective at attenuating mid- and high-frequency noise, sound attenuators can achieve broader band attenuation in relatively short lengths. Certain types of sound attenuators are essentially a Helmholtz resonator used as a passive noise-control device.
  • 2.0K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
GeForce 700 Series
The GeForce 700 series (stylized as GEFORCE GTX 700 SERIES) is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia. While mainly a refresh of the Kepler microarchitecture (GK-codenamed chips), some cards use Fermi (GF) and later cards use Maxwell (GM). GeForce 700 series cards were first released in 2013, starting with the release of the GeForce GTX Titan on February 19, 2013, followed by the GeForce GTX 780 on May 23, 2013. The first mobile GeForce 700 series chips were released in April 2013.
  • 2.0K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Active Front-End Rectifiers in EV DC Charging Applications
Active Front-End (AFE) rectifiers have regained momentum as the demand for highpower Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure increases exponentially. AFE rectifiers have high efficiency and reliability, and they minimize the disturbances that could be generated due to the operation of the EV charging systems by reducing harmonic distortion and operating close to the Unity Power Factor (UPF).
  • 2.0K
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
IKCO EF Engines
IKCO EF engines are a family of four-cylinder engines. The EF7 series are designed jointly by Iran Khodro Powertrain Company (IPCO) and F.E.V GmbH of Germany. The other models will be designed by IPCO itself. IPCO is the powertrain designing & producing company of Iranian car manufacturer Iran Khodro (IKCO). IKCO aims to supply 800,000 powertrains by 2010. The first phase of IKCO EF Engines project (EF7 Dual-Fuel) investments were about 80 million US$. EF4 & EF7 engines use CNG as their main fuel and they can also use gasoline. EFD is the first engine of the EF family that is single-fuel. It uses high-quality diesel (Euro 4 Quality or better) as fuel. EF engines share most of their parts between them. It was IKCO's aim to reduce costs and provide ease of supplying the parts in the future for after-sales services. The EF family dual-fuel and petrol-fuel engines have achieved the Euro IV emission standard and are able to achieve Euro V emission standard with some minor changes but EFD will be the first engine of the family which comes with the Euro IV emission standard as its first release, and is able to achieve the Euro VI emission standard with some changes. The most important suppliers for EF engines are INA for sensitive VVT parts and some other mechanical parts, MAHLE which supplies some important parts of the engine family such as pistons, with Bosch supplying the ECU and electrically controlled pedal and lots of other important sensitive electronic parts. Almost all of the parts (except high-tech and sensitive parts) from worldwide well-known companies (as mentioned) are produced in Iran under license with the highest required quality for the engines. The Germany company Bosch had shown interest in assembling the Iranian engine under license. In 2008 IKCO has announced that EF7 is among the three best CNG-based engines of the world in designing.
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Microplastics
The high PET production volume and the waste mismanagement of PET litter make it one of the most polluting plastic material. Its diffusion in marine litter is widely assessed according to public opinion and documented in the literature. The major sources of PET microplastics in the marine environment are bottles and fibers. The role of PET micro/nanoplastics of vector of toxic chemicals, their fate and the negative effects on the environment and human health is still under discussion.
  • 2.0K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Radio Broadcasting
Radio broadcasting is transmission by radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both. Alternatives to terrestrial radio broadcasting include cable radio, local wire television networks, satellite radio, and internet radio via streaming media on the Internet. The signal types can be either analog audio or digital audio.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Joining Laminated Electrical Steels
In recent years, the motor has been increasingly used to replace the conventional gasoline engine for carbon emission reduction, and the high-performance motor is urgently required. The stator and rotor in a motor are made of hundreds of joined and laminated electrical steels. This paper covers the current research in joining the laminated electrical steels for the motor application, together with the critical assessment of our understanding. It includes the representative joining method, modeling of the joining process, microstructure of the weld zone, mechanical strength and magnetic properties. The gaps in the scientific understanding, and the research needs for the expansion of joining laminated electrical steels, are provided.
  • 2.0K
  • 11 Nov 2020
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Structural Systems for Tall Buildings
Structural systems for tall buildings have gone through an evolutionary process. The rigid frame became popular in the first half of the 20th century but proved to be structurally inefficient beyond a certain height of tall buildings. The invention of the tubular structure in the 1960s allowed buildings to be built taller with low material consumption. Due to the obstructive nature of the closely spaced exterior columns of framed tubes and bracings of braced tubes, the core-outrigger system gained acceptance by the architects as it allowed them to freely articulate the façade design. However, the conventional tubular structures continued to retain their use for tall buildings to a lesser degree and later underwent a resurgence in modified forms. These and other advanced tubular forms in cutting-edge structural systems developed later continue to find application in modern times. This study presents a detailed narrative of different structural systems for tall buildings that is expected to assist structural engineers and architects to collaboratively select appropriate structural systems for tall buildings. 
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Cooper (Profession)
A cooper is a person trained to make wooden casks, barrels, vats, buckets, tubs, troughs and other similar containers from timber staves that were usually heated or steamed to make them pliable. Journeymen coopers also traditionally made wooden implements, such as rakes and wooden-bladed shovels. In addition to wood, other materials, such as iron, were used in the manufacturing process. The trade is the origin of the surname Cooper.
  • 2.0K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems
Integrated photovoltaic-fuel cell (IPVFC) system uses photovoltaics and fuel cells to majorly generate power and hydrogen, using solar energy as the prime mover. IPVFC amongst other integrated energy generation methodologies are renewable and clean energy technologies that have received diverse research and development attentions over the last few decades due to their potential applications in a hydrogen economy.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Oct 2021
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