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Topic Review
Heaviside Condition
The Heaviside condition, named for Oliver Heaviside (1850–1925), is the condition an electrical transmission line must meet in order for there to be no distortion of a transmitted signal. Also known as the distortionless condition, it can be used to improve the performance of a transmission line by adding loading to the cable.
  • 786
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Respirator Assigned Protection Factors
The respiratory protective devices (RPD) can protect workers only if their protective properties are adequate to the conditions in the workplace. Therefore, specialists have developed criteria for the selection of proper, adequate respirators, including the Assigned Protection Factors (APF) - the decrease of the concentration of harmful substances in the inhaled air, which (is expected) to be provided with timely and proper use of a certified respirator of certain types (design) by taught and trained workers (after individual selection with a tight-fitting mask and fit testing), when the employer performs an effective respiratory protective device programme.
  • 786
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Fusil Automatique Modèle 1917
The Fusil Automatique Modèle 1917 (English: Model 1917 Automatic Rifle) (also called the RSC M1917 ) was a gas-operated, semi-automatic rifle that the French Army placed in service during the latter part (1917) of World War I. It was chambered in then-standard 8mm Lebel, the rimmed cartridge used in other French Army infantry weapons of the time. Altogether, the French National Armories (primarily MAS (Manufacture d'Armes de St Etienne) and MAT (Manufacture d'Armes de Tulle) had manufactured 86,000 RSC M1917 rifles when their production run ended in late November 1918. However very few have survived in fully functional, semi-automatic condition and those have become highly sought-after collectibles.
  • 785
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Learning for Unmanned Ground Vehicles
The problem of autonomous navigation of a ground vehicle in unstructured environments is both challenging and crucial for the deployment of this type of vehicle in real-world applications. We present a review on the recent contributions in the roboticsliterature adopting learning-based methods to solve the problem of environment perception andinterpretation with the final aim of the autonomous context-aware navigation of ground vehicles inunstructured environments.
  • 785
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Impedance-Based Analysis for Controller Design
In inverter-dominated AC grids, impedance-based analysis methods are proving to be more powerful than traditional state-space-based analysis methods. Even the conventional parameters and standards used to estimate the stability of generators and stronger grids cannot fully capture the dynamics of weaker, inverter-dominated grids. It then stands to reason that system impedances that are commonly used to analyze DC systems will be useful in the analysis of grid-forming inverters in these hybrid systems. To understand the value of studying the impedances of inverters and other elements in weak AC grids, this article reviews and describes the various ways in which impedance-based analyses can be used to define, assess, and improve the performance of grid-forming inverter controllers. 
  • 785
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Wind Turbine Technology Trends
The rise in prices of traditional energy sources, the high dependence of many countries on their import, and the associated need for security of supply have led to large investments in new capacity of wind power plants. Although wind power generation is a mature technology and levelized cost of electricity low, there is still room for its improvement.
  • 785
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
The Energy Consumption of Ready-Mixed Concrete Mixing
The production and utilization of concrete and concrete-based products have drastically increased with the surge of construction activities over the last decade, especially in countries such as China and India. Consequently, this has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy used for the production of ready-mixed concrete. One approach to reduce the cost of concrete manufacturing is to reduce the energy required for the manufacturing process. The main hypothesis of this study is that the power required for mixing the concrete can be reduced through the use of mineral admixtures in the mix design.
  • 785
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Water–Energy Nexus
The sustainability or green building rating system used in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Pearl Rating System (PRS) of Estidama, similar to other international rating systems such as LEED and BREEAM, considers several strategies, regulations, and policies to improve the energy and water performance in buildings. However, the applicability of considering water as part of energy or the fact that utilization of energy mandates the usage of water seems unexplored and not yet included in any of the existing building rating systems including LEED. A unified approach of the water and energy resources is hence vital for future considerations in energy policy, planning and the inclusion of the same in the sustainability rating systems as well. This paper investigates, as a case study, the prospects of water-energy nexus in the prevailing UAE green building rating system; Pearl Rating System(PRS) to bring out if any water conservation strategy has an adverse effect on energy and vice versa. The review revealed that the major shortcomings of PRS in terms of water-energy nexus strategy are the usage of reference codes not suitable to UAE’s climate and geographical conditions, inexistent synergy between some credit categories, oversight of rebound effects, and a need for credit reassessment. The paper also recommends that any proposed strategy to realign credit categories in terms of water-energy nexus with the potential risk to also have a hidden negative rebound effect which the researchers and practitioners should identify lest the water- energy tradeoff bring unprecedented repercussions. The theoretical analysis established that the bifurcating management of water and energy in the sustainability rating system and energy policy needs to be revisited in order to reap more sustainable and optimum results that is environmentally, ecologically and financially consistent. The theoretical analysis established that the bifurcating management of water and energy in the sustainability rating system and energy policy need to be reformed in order to reap more sustainable and optimum results that is environmentally, ecologically and financially consistent.  
  • 785
  • 12 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Electromagnetic Microrobotic Platforms for Biomedical Applications
Magnetic microrobotics is a promising technology for improving minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with the ambition of enhancing patient care and comfort. The potential benefits include limited incisions, less hemorrhaging and postoperative pain, and faster recovery time. To achieve this, a key issue relies on the design of a proper electromagnetic actuation (EMA) setup which is based on the use of magnetic sources. The magnetic field and its gradient generated by the EMA platform is then used to induce magnetic torque and force for microrobot manipulations inside the human body. Like any control systems, the EMA system must be adapted to the given controlled microrobot and customized for the application. 
  • 785
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
IEEE P2668 Evaluation for Smart Battery Management Systems
In smart cities and smart industry, a Battery Management System (BMS) focuses on the intelligent supervision of the status (e.g., state of charge, temperature) of batteries (e.g., lithium battery, lead battery). Internet of Things (IoT) integration enhances the system’s intelligence and convenience, making it a Smart BMS (SBMS). However, this also raises concerns regarding evaluating the SBMS in the wireless context in which these systems are installed. Considering the battery application, in particular, the SBMS will depend on several wireless communication characteristics, such as mobility, latency, fading, etc., necessitating a tailored evaluation strategy.  An IEEE P2668-Compatible SBMS Evaluation Strategy (SBMS-ES) was proposed to overcome this issue. The SBMS-ES is based on the IEEE P2668 worldwide standard, which aims to assess IoT solutions’ maturity.
  • 784
  • 15 Sep 2022
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