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Topic Review
Applications of Blockchain Technology in Modern Power Systems
In the context of modern power system development to support the evolution towards green energy and carbon-neutral emission goals, many existing problems and even challenges demand new technical solutions. Decentralized blockchain technology has been employed to address some problems in power systems, and many papers have been published. The objective here is to present how blockchain technology can be applied in modern power systems and provide researchers with a summary of progress in this area. 
  • 847
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Drivers for Digital Twin Adoption in Construction Industry
Digital twin (DT) is able to present digital replicas of existing assets, processes and systems. DT can integrate artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics to create real-time simulation models. These models learn and update from multiple data sources to predict their physical counterparts’ current and future conditions. This has promoted its relevance in various industries, including the construction industry (CI). However, recognising the existence of a distinct set of factors driving its adoption has not been established. The drivers were identified through a systematic literature review approach and integrated into a classification framework to enhance its understanding. A conceptual framework was developed to enhance the successful adoption of DT in the CI based on the identified drivers.
  • 846
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
High-Performance and Parallel Computing Techniques
The transition towards net-zero emissions is inevitable for humanity’s future. Of all the sectors, electrical energy systems emit the most emissions. This urgently requires the witnessed accelerating technological landscape to transition towards an emission-free smart grid. It involves massive integration of intermittent wind and solar-powered resources into future power grids. Additionally, new paradigms such as large-scale integration of distributed resources into the grid, proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and electrification of different sectors are envisioned as essential enablers for a net-zero future. However, these changes will lead to unprecedented size, complexity and data of the planning and operation problems of future grids. It is thus important to discuss and consider High Performance Computing (HPC), parallel computing, and cloud computing prospects in any future electrical energy studies. 
  • 846
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Construction Rework Cost Prediction Using Machine Learning
Predicting the construction cost of rework (COR) allows for the advanced planning and prompt implementation of appropriate countermeasures. Machine learning (ML) offers a data-oriented solution that can be utilized in different construction project contexts. ML approaches can predict COR by learning the complex patterns within the quality dataset.
  • 846
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Connected Vehicles
Connected and autonomous vehicles and cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITSs) are new technologies that will impact traffic control and management.
  • 846
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Pepper-Box
The pepper-box revolver or simply pepperbox (also "pepper-pot", from its resemblance to the household pepper shakers) is a multiple-barrel firearm, mostly in the form of a handgun, that has three or more gun barrels in a coaxially revolving mechanism. Each barrel holds a single shot, and the shooter can manually rotate the whole barrel assembly to sequentially index each barrel into alignment with the lock/hammer, similar to operating a revolver cylinder. Pepperbox guns have existed for all action and ammunition systems: matchlock, wheellock, flintlock, snaplock, caplock, pinfire, rimfire and centerfire. While they are usually sidearms, a few long guns were also made. For example, Samuel Colt owned a three-barrel pepperbox matchlock musket from British India, and an eight-barrel pepperbox shotgun was designed in 1967 but never went into production.
  • 844
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Railway Electrification Systems
This is a list of the power supply systems that are, or have been, used for tramway and railway electrification systems. Note that the voltages are nominal and vary depending on load and distance from the substation. Many modern trams and trains use on-board solid-state electronics to convert these supplies to run three-phase AC induction motors. Tram electrification systems are listed here.
  • 845
  • 27 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Real-Time UAV Target Tracking
Real-time UAV tracking refers to the tracking processing that is completed within the actual time of the acquisition of the image sequence by the drone's airborne imaging device. This processing is used to acquire the motion parameters of the target in the image moment by moment, including the target's position, speed, acceleration, and motion trajectory, etc. 
  • 845
  • 28 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Conservation-Compatible Retrofit Solutions
Historic, listed, or unlisted, buildings account for 30% of the European building stock. Since they are complex systems of cultural, architectural, and identity value, they need particular attention to ensure that they are preserved, used, and managed over time in a sustainable way. This implies a demand for retrofit solutions able to improve indoor thermal conditions while reducing the use of energy sources and preserving the heritage significance. Often, however, the choice and implementation of retrofit solutions in historic buildings is limited by socio-technical barriers (regulations, lack of knowledge on the hygrothermal behaviour of built heritage, economic viability, etc.). 
  • 845
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Adopting Modular Integrated Construction for Affordable Sustainable Housing
The rise of offsite construction (OSC) techniques, especially modular integrated construction (MiC), has been evident. MiC’s adoption in affordable sustainable housing (ASH) is still underdeveloped; however, due to various benefits of MiC over conventional construction methods, it is envisioned to be a significant emerging approach for tackling growing housing demand, and ASH in particular.
  • 845
  • 15 Jun 2022
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