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Topic Review
Efficient Structural Design with ANNs
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are showing their potential as structural design tools. ANNs are applied to design a dry precast concrete connection. They can be easily and effectively adapted to different connection parameters, being possible to use them in both precast or cast in situ concrete connection design.
  • 989
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Railway Transportation Sector
A wide analysis is presented, detecting which are the main measures adopted for improving the efficiency, related to the power systems for supplying trains and to the train traffic control, with a focus on the storage system integration.
  • 989
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Optical Properties of Mn-Doped CuGa(In)S-ZnS Nanocrystals (NCs)
Mn-doped binary NCs have average fluorescence lifetimes in the range of sub-milliseconds and/or need high energy for excitation, or they contain the toxic elements of Cd and/or Se against biosensing/imaging applications.
  • 989
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Classification of Lattice Structure
A lattice structure is made by a unit cell that is repeated in the space, making a larger functional structure; thus, it is a peculiar kind of cellular structure. The basic idea of cellular structures evolved from natural organic structures such as bamboo, bone, cork, etc. According to the literature, in many applications, lattice structures have been found to be superior to their other cellular counterparts, such as foam and honeycomb structures.
  • 988
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Development of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Thermal barrier coating is critical for thermal insulation technology, making the underlying base metal capable of operating at a melting temperature of 1150 °C. By increasing the temperature of incoming gases, engineers can improve the thermal and mechanical performance of gas turbine blades and the piston cylinder arrangement. Developments in the field of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have made this material suitable for use in a variety of fields, including the aerospace and diesel engine industries. Changes in the turbine blade microstructure brought on by its operating environment determine how long and reliable it will be. In addition, the effectiveness of multi-layer, composite and functionally graded coatings depends heavily on the deposition procedures used to create them. 
  • 988
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Industry 4.0 and Lean Six Sigma Integration
In recent years, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has been a recurrent theme in the literature on Lean Six Sigma (LSS), given the synergies that can arise from their combination. However, several factors can affect the integration of I4.0 and LSS in practice. This article presents a systematic literature review of the barriers to integration and the critical success factors (i.e., enablers) involved in this process.
  • 988
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Wearable Sensors in Para-Sports
Wearable sensors provide a promising opportunity to quantitatively assess the individual functional capacities of an athlete with disability in an ecological environment. The available evidence for the application of wearable sensors in sport for athletes with disabilities is mainly focused on performance assessment and characterization for training optimization, mirroring classic aspects of sports biomechanics in non-disabled athletes. Applications specific to sports for people with disability, such as athlete classification and injury prevention, are limited but indicate possible directions for further development. Finally, since the equipment is frequently of particular importance in sports for persons with disability, the literature indicates that wearable systems are promising to support the customization of equipment to meet the athlete's individual needs.
  • 987
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Passive Downdraft Cooling Systems in Buildings
Energy demand for active mechanical space cooling is projected to double by 2050. Wider adoption of passive cooling systems can help reduce demand.
  • 986
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Repulsion Motor
A repulsion motor is a type of electric motor for using on alternating current (AC). It was formerly used as a traction motor for electric trains (e.g. SR Class CP and SR Class SL electric multiple units) but has been superseded by other types of motors. Repulsion motors are classified under single phase motors. In repulsion motors the stator windings are connected directly to the AC power supply and the rotor is connected to a commutator and brush assembly, similar to that of a direct current (DC) motor.
  • 986
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ShKAS Machine Gun
The ShKAS (Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny, Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft; Russian: ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a 7.62 mm calibre machine gun widely used by Soviet aircraft in the 1930s and during World War II. The ShKAS had the highest rate of fire of any aircraft machine gun in general service during WWII. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Irinarkh Komaritsky and entered production in 1934. ShKAS was used in the majority of Soviet fighters and bombers and served as the basis for the ShVAK cannon.
  • 985
  • 24 Nov 2022
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