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Topic Review
Sugarcane Biomass as Biofuel for Internal Combustion Engines
Sugarcane is one of the main agricultural crops in the world.  A deep overview of liquid biofuels produced from sugarcane bagasse is provided.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Battery-Driven Fast Marine Vehicles
Entry of the design and technological challenges of zero emission, battery driven fast marine vehicles. Whereas slow and medium speed all electrical ships have been successfully introduced, it remains to prove that fast battery driven ships are feasible. The entry addresses the key design and technological issues, assesses the present state of the art and of the associated technology and concludes on the way ahead.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Thermal Decomposition of Plastic Waste
The resources of fossil fuels, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal, are depleting day by day due to increasing energy demands. Plastic items have witnessed a substantial surge in manufacturing due to their wide range of applications and low cost. Therefore, the amount of plastic waste is increasing rapidly. Hence, the proper management of plastic wastes for sustainable technologies is the need of the hour.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Logistic Handling of Deliveries at an LNG Terminal
LNG is a gas mixture of hydrocarbons in the following proportions: methane 87–99 mol%, ethane 0.1–5.5 mol%, propane 0–4 mol%, butane 0–2.5 mol%, nitrogen 0.02–1 mol%, and traces of sulfur (less than four ppmv) and CO2 (50 ppmv). There has been growing interest in fuel supply chains regarding transport safety and LNG reloading. This is due to the increasing consumption of this gas in the economy to create sustainable transport systems. Poland is in the phase of energy transformation, which increases the demand for this type of alternative fuel. For this reason, the number of logistic operations carried out by Polish sea terminals handling LNG deliveries is increasing.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 May 2022
Topic Review
Functions in photovoltaic device system
The defact standard of a solar cell is that electric power generation is made at the same place as  photoharvesting is performed, i.e., the function of photoharvesting/photoreception is spatially degenerated with that of electric power generation (photo-electroconversion). Here, in this review paper, we investigate how liberated we are when the degeneracy is lifted off. A conventional concentrator system is, in a sense, a system in which the primary photoharvesting place is decoupled from the photo-conversion part, but is too bulky because the two parts are connected three-dimensionally by photons. We propose a two-dimensional photoreceptor-conversion (2DPRC) scheme in which the photoreception part is spatially decoupled from, but is two-dimensionally connected to the photo-conversion part by a redirection waveguide (RWG). The whole system is in an edge-illumination/photoinjection configuration and concentrator system is quite naturally built, and the edge-injection lift off the trade-off between photo-absorption and photo-carrier collection in the conventional solar cell, leading to a possible high conversion efficiency.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Maximum Power Point Tracking
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), or sometimes just Power Point Tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power supplies to maximize energy extraction as conditions change.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
In-Situ Heavy Oil Aquathermolysis
The aquathermolysis process is widely considered to be one of the most promising approaches of in-situ upgrading of heavy oil. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
High-explosive Anti-tank Warhead
A high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead is a type of shaped charge explosive that uses the Munroe effect to penetrate thick tank armor. The warhead functions by having the explosive charge collapse a metal liner inside the warhead into a high-velocity superplastic jet. This superplastic jet is capable of penetrating armor steel to a depth of seven or more times the diameter of the charge (charge diameters, CD) but is usually used to immobilize or destroy tanks. Due to the way they work, they do not have to be fired as fast as an armor piercing shell, allowing less recoil. Contrary to a widespread misconception (possibly resulting from the acronym HEAT), the jet does not melt its way through armor, as its effect is purely kinetic in nature. The HEAT warhead has become less effective against tanks and other armored vehicles due to the use of composite armor, explosive-reactive armor, and active protection systems which destroy the HEAT warhead before it hits the tank. While HEAT ammunition has become less effective against the composite armor found on MBTs from 1964 onward and today pose little threat to any modern tank, they are still deadly against lighter vehicles. In addition, air vehicles are also possible targets.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
RBS-15
The RBS-15 (Robotsystem 15) is a long-range fire-and-forget surface-to-surface and air-to-surface anti-ship missile. The later version Mk. III has the ability to attack land targets as well. The missile was developed by the Swedish company Saab Bofors Dynamics.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Cryogenic Carbon Capture Process
The cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) process is a promising post-combustion CO2 removal method. This method is very novel compared with conventional and well-developed methods. However, cryogenic carbon capture is not yet commercially available despite its techno-economic benefits. Thus, a model-based design approach for this process can provide valuable information. 
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Mar 2023
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