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Topic Review
Animal Drugs Used to Treat Urinary Stones
Animals like plants are also medicinal agents for the prevention and cure of different health problems all over the world practically in about all human cultures. The concept of zootherapy is very old and has strong evidence of the medicinal use of animal resources. There are many animals with the potential to treat urolithiasis.
  • 448
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Prostate Cancer
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of human cancers. The environmental factors, such as microbiome, dietary components, and obesity, provoke chronic inflammation in the prostate, which promotes cancer development and progression. Crosstalk between immune cells and cancer cells enhances the secretion of intercellular signaling molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, thereby orchestrating the generation of inflammatory microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play pivotal roles in inflammation-associated cancer by inhibiting effective anti-tumor immunity. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as aspirin, metformin, and statins, have potential application in chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory immunity-targeted therapies may provide novel strategies to treat patients with cancer. Thus, anti-inflammatory agents are expected to suppress the “vicious cycle” created by immune and cancer cells and inhibit cancer progression. This review has explored the immune cells that facilitate prostate cancer development and progression, with particular focus on the application of anti-inflammatory agents for both chemoprevention and therapeutic approach in prostate cancer.
  • 756
  • 30 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Antibiotics Used for Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered to be a major problem in pregnant women. It is also one of the most prevalent infections during pregnancy, being diagnosed in as many as 50–60% of all gestations. Therefore, UTI treatment during pregnancy is extremely important and management guidelines have been published worldwide to assist physicians in selecting the right antibiotic for each patient, taking into account the maternal and fetal safety profile.
  • 509
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Antiphospholipid Mediated Arteriovenous Fistula Complications
Antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-persistent positivity is frequent in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) complications such as stenosis and thrombosis are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. The association between aPL positivity and AVF thrombosis seems to be well established.
  • 369
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Antiurolithiatic Effect of Family Rosaceae Plants
Urolithiasis is a common worldwide problem with high recurrence. Rosaceae plants have great potential to treat urolithiasis.
  • 330
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Nephropathology
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have triggered a vigorous technological revolution in the medical field. The use of AI algorithms provides cutting-edge guidance for clinical practice, including medical image analysis, smart diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, and prognosis prediction. AI technology is also regarded as a useful tool to improve the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of renal pathologies.
  • 351
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Biobanking in Neuro-Urology
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neuro-urological disorders is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Through the establishment of comprehensive biobanks, researchers can collect and store various biological specimens, including urine, blood, tissue, and DNA samples, to study these mechanisms. In the context of neuro-urology, biobanking facilitates the identification of genetic variations, epigenetic modifications, and gene expression patterns associated with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. These conditions often present as symptoms of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, and many others. Biobanking of tissue specimens from such patients is essential to understand why these diseases cause the respective symptoms and what can be done to alleviate them. 
  • 142
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Asymmetric Dimethylarginines
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the most potent endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), with higher levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). ADMA has shown to be a significant predictor of cardiovascular outcome and mortality among dialysis patients. 
  • 296
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Autologous Immune Cell-Based Therapy Treat Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction
Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) due to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis of penile arteries is the most common cause of ED, especially in men over fifty. Cell-based regenerative therapies include platelet-rich plasma (PRP), both heterologous and autologous stem cell therapy (SCT), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), highlighting the role played by immune cell populations, which may represent the new frontier of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction treatment.
  • 464
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare disorder and one of the most severe forms of polycystic kidney disease, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in childhood. PKHD1 is the gene that is responsible for the vast majority of ARPKD. However, some cases have been related to a new gene that was recently identified (DZIP1L gene), as well as several ciliary genes that can mimic a ARPKD-like phenotypic spectrum. In addition, a number of molecular pathways involved in the ARPKD pathogenesis and progression were elucidated using cellular and animal models. However, the function of the ARPKD proteins and the molecular mechanism of the disease currently remain incompletely understood. 
  • 800
  • 25 Jun 2021
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