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Topic Review
Nanotheranostic Platforms
Globally, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, needing a meticulous diagnosis and targeted treatment plan to achieve an initial prognosis, followed by precision and optimization in treatment. Nonselective targeting, difficulty in accurately monitoring treatment end-results, serious drug side-effects, and severity of disease resulting in metastasis are the key flaws of traditional techniques. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles possess special features to completely transform the field of diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
  • 322
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Investigating Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an incurable skin disease that develops in about two-thirds of patients before the age of 40 and requires lifelong treatment; its pathological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The core pathological process of psoriasis is epidermal thickening caused by the excessive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, which is similar to the key feature of cancer; the malignant proliferation of cancer cells causes tumor enlargement, suggesting that there is a certain degree of commonality between psoriasis and cancer.
  • 319
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Interventional Methods against Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic pain affects more than one million people across the globe. The quality of life of people suffering from neuropathic pain has been considerably declining due to the unavailability of appropriate therapeutics. Available treatment options can only treat patients symptomatically, but they are associated with severe adverse side effects and the development of tolerance over prolonged use. Continuous efforts are evident, aiming to develop novel interventions with better efficacy instead of symptomatic treatment. Available pharmacotherapeutics are unable to manage pain on a long-term basis and patients are developing resistance and tolerance to pain management medications over time; therefore, it is necessary to investigate non-pharmacological or interventional approaches. Interventional treatments, including nerve blocks or surgeries for targeted drug delivery, or specific neural modulation, provide alternate strategies in refractory cases.
  • 316
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
HPV Vaccination for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Switzerland
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. It is also responsible for a variety of other cancers including penile; vaginal; vulvar; anal; and oropharyngeal cancers at the base of the tongue and tonsils. There are a very large number of these HPVs, which are classified into groups from high to low risk based on their oncogenic potential. Every year in Switzerland, over 260 women develop cervical cancer, and nearly 90 of them will die from the disease. Cervical cancer affects young women and is the fourth most common cancer in women between the ages of 20 and 49 years. Among the high-risk HPV types, HPV-16 and -18 are the most common and most carcinogenic ones. Together, these two HPV types are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases in developed countries. HPV-6 and -11 are directly responsible for 90% of genital warts. There are two effective public health interventions to prevent this cancer: screening and vaccination. The present entry provides an overview of current literature in order to present these preventative approaches and consider their use within a Swiss context. It is hoped that, going forward, this will encourage the implementation and uptake of such interventions.
  • 314
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
STING Agonists/Antagonists
The cGAS STING pathway has received much attention in recent years, and it has been recognized as an important component of the innate immune response. Since the discovery of STING and that of cGAS, many observations based on preclinical models suggest that the faulty regulation of this pathway is involved in many type I IFN autoinflammatory disorders. 
  • 313
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Active Substances in Cannabis, Endocannabinoid System, and Metabolism
Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. Endocannabinoids have been shown to regulate a variety of different receptors and channels, including TRP channels and the G-protein-coupled receptors GPR55, GPR18, GPR119, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine receptors.
  • 313
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Multifaceted Potential of Sulforaphane
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower. It has been widely studied for its potential as a neuroprotective and anticancer agent. SFN has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, the modulation of neuroinflammation, and epigenetic mechanisms. In cancer treatment, SFN has demonstrated the ability to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells, inhibit histone deacetylase, and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. SFN has also shown chemoprotective properties through inhibiting phase I metabolizing enzymes, modulating phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and targeting cancer stem cells. 
  • 313
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors
The kidneys’ sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) receptors are targeted to reduce glucose reabsorption by SGLT2. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) benefit the most from reduced blood glucose levels, although this is just one of the numerous physiological consequences.
  • 313
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Golimumab Therapy for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic debilitating autoimmune condition, and when diagnosed in patients before the age of eighteen, it is considered pediatric polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an umbrella term used to describe different inflammatory arthropathies that are diagnosed in children under the age of sixteen with symptoms lasting at least six weeks. Psoriatic arthritis differs from other arthropathies, particularly in its cutaneous involvement. The disease can be monoarticular or polyarticular, but a few distinguishing characteristics include radiographic findings of the “pencil-in-cup deformity” and scaly, white skin lesions that often bleed when scratched.
  • 311
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques and DDS
In the latest years, fluorescence microscopy-related techniques have exhibited continuous developments and progresses, both from technical and applicative perspectives, holding the promise to provide unprecedented tools for drug delivery research.We have revised the major fluorescence microscopy-related experimental techniques available for the characterization of drug delivery systems （DDS）from static and dynamic points of view in different media, with a particular focus on the investigation within biological environments and in vivo. Indeed, the opportunities provided by fluorescence microscopy-related techniques to disentangle scientific issues typical of drug delivery research (spanning from the colloidal characterization of a DDS to its adhesion to biological membranes, its interaction with biomolecules, and its intracellular behavior) are countless and exponentially growing, allowing for the expectation that in the next few years the development of completely new tools and protocols will truly advance drug delivery research.
  • 310
  • 22 Jun 2021
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