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Topic Review
Cannabis and Multiple Sclerosis-Related Symptoms
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as an autoimmune disease that damages the neurons in the central nervous system. MS is characterized by its most common symptoms of spasticity, muscle spasms, neuropathic pain, tremors, bladder dysfunction, dysarthria, and some intellectual problems, including memory disturbances. Several clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of cannabis on the relief of these symptoms in MS patients.
  • 341
  • 12 May 2022
Topic Review
Piper sarmentosum on Metabolic Syndrome
Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by South East Asians. It demonstrates promising properties against various non-communicable diseases and infectious agents due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Given that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its principal components (central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia), PS could manage MetS and its complications. 
  • 339
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Synthetic Cathinones and Synthetic Cannabinoids
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are compounds of natural and synthetic origin, similar to traditional drugs of abuse. NPS are involved in a contemporary trend whose origin lies in a thinner balance between legitimate therapeutic drug research and legislative control. The contemporary NPS trend resulted from the replacement of MDMA by synthetic cathinones in ‘ecstasy’ during the 2000s. The most common NPS are synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. Interestingly, during the last 50 years, these two classes of NPS have been the object of scientific research for a set of health conditions. 
  • 339
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Natural Molecules for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Natural molecules with favorable safety profile and broad pharmacological activities have shown great promise in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Studies applying natural molecules against NDDs mainly focus on well-recognized conventional pathogenesis, such as toxic protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. However, accumulating evidence reveals that some underlying pathogenic mechanisms are involved earlier and more deeply in the occurrence and development of NDDs, such as ferroptosis, energy metabolism disorders, autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut dysbiosis. Therefore, determining whether natural molecules can play therapeutic roles in these emerging pathogenic mechanisms will help clarify the actual targets of natural molecules and their future clinical translation.
  • 339
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Physicochemical Characterization of Aluminum Adjuvants
Aluminum-based adjuvants will continue to be a key component of currently approved and next generation vaccines. Their large adsorptive capacity allows the combination with other immunostimulatory molecules to create a toolbox of adjuvants for selective vaccine applications. The widespread use of aluminum adjuvants is due to their excellent safety profile, which has been established through the use of hundreds of millions of doses in humans over many years, low cost, and extensive experience with licensure through regulatory agencies.
  • 340
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a transient dysfunction of the left and/or right ventricle, without the presence of ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, thrombus, dissection of the artery or other condition, which may cause the aforementioned symptoms. The term “tako-tsubo” was first used by Sato et al in 1990 because of the similarities between LV morphologic features and the shape of a ceramic fishing pot used since ancient times in Japan for trapping octopi.
  • 336
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that leads to the thickening of the intimal layer of large- and medium-sized arteries and results in the formation of plaques. It occurs due to an imbalance between lipid breakdown and the immune response, leading to a failure of inflammatory response resolution. The risk factors of atherosclerosis include hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and smoking.
  • 336
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Main Metabolic Pathways with Respect to Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease, leading to the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Metabolomics allows the study of biochemical alterations in pathological processes which may be involved in AD progression and to discover new therapeutic targets. Metabolites are substrates, intermediates, and products of metabolic body processes, which typically are small molecules with a molecular weight of less than ~1.5 kDa. Since low molecular weight metabolites are intermediates or end products of cellular metabolism, metabolomics, or the study of metabolism can be considered one of the core disciplines of systems biology. It can help in improving our understanding of changes in biochemical pathways, revealing crucial information that is closely related to human disease or therapeutic status.
  • 337
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Potential Therapeutic Targets for TNBC Therapy
TNBC exhibits high heterogeneity, which is the major limitation of chemotherapy. Also, TNBC is regarded as an aggressive type of cancer that grows faster and metastasizes to the brain and visceral organs, providing a much shorter average survival time of about 12 months to patients suffering from advanced TNBC. Therefore, the recognition of definitive targets, for providing efficient treatment against TNBC, becomes a noteworthy task.
  • 335
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Atherosclerosis
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe manifestation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common complication of type 2 diabetes, and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress and liver cell damage are the major triggers of the severe hepatic inflammation that characterizes NASH, which is highly correlated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. 
  • 334
  • 27 Jun 2022
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