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Topic Review
Docking Studies of Recently Synthesized MAO-B Inhibitors
With the significant growth of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), novel classes of compounds targeting monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) are promptly emerging as distinguished structures for the treatment of the latter. As a promising function of computer-aided drug design (CADD), structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) is being heavily applied in processes of drug discovery and development. The utilization of molecular docking, as a helping tool for SBVS, is providing essential data about the poses and the occurring interactions between ligands and target molecules. 
  • 318
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
DNA-Based Nanomaterials as Drug Delivery Platforms in Tumors
DNA nanotechnology has significantly advanced and might be used in biomedical applications, drug delivery, and cancer treatment. DNA nanomaterials are widely used in biomedical research involving biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery since they are remarkably addressable and biocompatible. Gradually, modified nucleic acids have begun to be employed to construct multifunctional DNA nanostructures with a variety of architectural designs. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids (both DNAs and RNAs) capable of self-pairing to acquire secondary structure and of specifically binding with the target. Diagnosis and tumor therapy are prospective fields in which aptamers can be applied. Many DNA nanomaterials with three-dimensional structures have been studied as drug delivery systems for different anticancer medications or gene therapy agents. Different chemical alterations can be employed to construct a wide range of modified DNA nanostructures. Chemically altered DNA-based nanomaterials are useful for drug delivery because of their improved stability and inclusion of functional groups.
  • 643
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
DNA Excision Repairs and Implication
The physiological impact of the aberrant oxidation products on genomic DNA were demonstrated by embryonic lethality or the cancer susceptibility and/or neurological symptoms of  animal impaired in the base excision repair (BER); the major pathway to maintain genomic integrity against non-bulky DNA oxidation. However, growing evidence suggests that other DNA repair pathways or factors that are not primarily associated with the classical BER pathway are also actively involved in the mitigation of oxidative assaults on the genomic DNA, according to the corresponding types of DNA oxidation. Among others, factors dedicated to lesion recognition in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been shown to play eminent roles in the process of lesion recognition and stimulation of the enzyme activity of some sets of BER factors. Besides, substantial bulky DNA oxidation can be preferentially removed by a canonical NER mechanism; therefore, loss of function in the NER pathway shares common features arising from BER defects, including cancer predisposition and neurological disorders, although NER defects generally are nonlethal.
  • 4.8K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
DNA Damage Response in Autoimmunity
The DNA damage response and repair (DDR/R) network, a sum of hierarchically structured signaling pathways that recognize and repair DNA damage, and the immune response to endogenous and/or exogenous threats, act synergistically to enhance cellular defence. On the other hand, a deregulated interplay between these systems underlines inflammatory diseases including malignancies and chronic systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent data demonstrate accumulation of endogenous DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these patients, which is related to augmented formation of DNA damage and epigenetically regulated functional abnormalities of fundamental DNA repair mechanisms. Since endogenous DNA damage accumulation has serious consequences for cellular health, including genomic instability and enhancement of an aberrant immune response, these results can be exploited for understanding pathogenesis and progression of systemic autoimmune diseases, as well as for the development of new treatments.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Disrupting GPCR Complexes with Smart Drug-like Peptides
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of proteins classically described as monomeric transmembrane (TM) receptors. However, increasing evidence indicates that many GPCRs form higher-order assemblies made up of monomers pertaining to identical (homo) or to various (hetero) receptors. The formation and structure of these oligomers, their physiological role and possible therapeutic applications raise a variety of issues that are currently being actively explored. In this context, synthetic peptides derived from TM domains stand out as powerful tools that can be predictably targeted to disrupt GPCR oligomers, especially at the interface level, eventually impairing their action.
  • 285
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Disparities in Prevalence and Barriers to Hypertension Control
Controlling hypertension (HTN) remains a challenge, as it is affected by various factors in different settings. The prevalence of hypertension control in the low and middle-income countries and high-income countries studies ranged from (3.8% to 50.4%) to (36.3% to 69.6%), respectively. Concerning barriers to hypertension control, patient-related barriers were the most frequently reported, followed by medication adherence barriers, lifestyle-related barriers, barriers related to the affordability and accessibility of care, awareness-related barriers, and, finally, barriers related to prescribed pharmacotherapy.
  • 346
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Discovering Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitors
Amino acid transporters are abundant amongst the solute carrier family and have an important role in facilitating the transfer of amino acids across cell membranes. Because of their impact on cell nutrient distribution, they also appear to have an important role in the growth and development of cancer. Naturally, this has made amino acid transporters a novel target of interest for the development of new anticancer drugs. 
  • 97
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
Information on absorption, metabolism and excretion of drugs is necessary to support the studies on their pharmacokinetics and potential drug–drug interactions. Moreover, the knowledge on drug metabolism is one of the crucial factors used to assess their pharmacokinetic profile in patients with some dysfunctions. It is especially important in diabetic patients with higher incidence of chronic liver and kidney problems.
  • 257
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Dinoflagellate Phycotoxins
Dinoflagellates are single-celled eukaryotes constitute an important group of phytoplanktons, characterized by two dissimilar flagella and distinctive features of both plants and animals.
  • 616
  • 30 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) Pharmacogenetics
The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), encoded by the DPYD gene, is the enzyme mainly involved in the catabolism of fluoropyrimidines (FP). DPYD polymorphisms increase the risk of severe FP-related toxicity and DPYD-pharmacogenetics (DPYD-PGx) is recommended before starting the FP-based chemotherapy. Other factors influence FP safety, therefore phenotyping methods, such as measurement of plasmatic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) clearance and DPD activity, could complement the DPYD-PGx. Here, authors reported eleven clinical cases in whom a combined genotyping/phenotyping approach, together with careful clinical monitoring was used to optimise the FP-based treatment.  In addition, authors performed a systematic review of the literature concerning the use of DPYD-PGx, together with phenotyping methods to personalise such a chemotherapy.
  • 546
  • 23 Mar 2021
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