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Topic Review
CircRNAs in Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis represents the reversible pathological process with the feature of the over-accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the liver, which results in the deposition of fibrotic tissues and liver dysfunction. Circular noncoding RNAs (CircRNAs) have the characteristic closed loop structures, which show high resistance to exonuclease RNase, making them far more stable and recalcitrant against degradation. CircRNAs increase target gene levels by playing the role of a microRNA (miRNA) sponge.
  • 216
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nlrp3 Inflammasome in Colitis-Associated Colo-Rectal Cancer
Colitis-associated colo-rectal cancer remains the leading cause of mortality in inflammatory bowel diseases, with inflammation remaining one of the bridging points between the two pathologies. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex plays an important role in innate immunity; however, its misregulation can be responsible for the apparition of various pathologies such as ulcerative colitis.
  • 215
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Role of Nutrition in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has different stages as it develops, and the severity of ALD is correlated with malnutrition.
  • 215
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Status in IBD Patients
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a considerable impact on the global healthcare system and potentially the clinical course of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although IBD is a chronic disease, its therapy (except steroid therapy) does not increase the risk of contracting or aggravating COVID-19.
  • 212
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and is a group of chronic relapsing disorders characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with variable phenotypic expression. Multiple factors have been implicated in the etiology of IBD, including environmental, genetic, microbiological and immunological interactions. However, the exact reasons remain unclear, although substantial progress in elucidating the complexity of IBD manifestation has been made in the past decades. There is clinical overlap of symptoms of CD and UC, including bloody or watery diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain, tenesmus as well as non-specific systemic symptoms such as fatigue, fever and weight loss. CD can affect various parts of the intestine, i.e., both small and large intestine, while UC is known to affect only the colon. IBD usually follows a lifelong pattern of remissions and flare-ups that impacts the quality of life of patients. The inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract during flare-ups is mediated by neutrophils that release cytokines, enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to damage and even ulceration of the mucosa.
  • 212
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Chemoablative Techniques for Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are known precursors to pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest types of cancer worldwide. Surgical removal or pancreatectomies remain the central approach to managing precancerous high-risk PCLs. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided therapeutic management of PCLs is a novel management strategy for patients with prohibitive surgical risks. Various ablation techniques have been explored utilizing EUS-guided fine needle injection (FNI) of alcohol and chemotherapeutic agents.
  • 209
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
MAFLD and Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has now affected nearly one-third of the global population and has become the number one cause of chronic liver disease in the world because of the obesity pandemic. Chronic hepatitis resulting from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain significant challenges to liver health even in the 21st century. The co-existence of MAFLD and chronic viral hepatitis can markedly alter the disease course of individual diseases and can complicate the management of each of these disorders. A thorough understanding of the pathobiological interactions between MAFLD and these two chronic viral infections is crucial for appropriately managing these patients.
  • 209
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Ecological theories suggest that environmental factors significantly influence obesity risk and related syndemic morbidities, including metabolically abnormal obesity associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MASLD). These factors encompass anthropogenic influences and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), synergistically interacting to induce metabolic discrepancies, notably in early life, and disrupt metabolic processes in adulthood. 
  • 209
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
New Scenarios of Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth neoplasm in the world and the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment options for early stage HCC include potentially curative techniques such as liver transplantation (LT), liver resection (LR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The advent of immunotherapy in HCC treatment has significantly improved the rate of response to systemic therapy and could offer the rationale for adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapeutic schemes also in the management of liver neoplasms. 
  • 204
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Appetite Regulation and Bariatric Surgery
Obesity remains a common metabolic disorder and a threat to health as it is associated with numerous complications. Lifestyle modifications and caloric restriction can achieve limited weight loss. Bariatric surgery is an effective way of achieving substantial weight loss as well as glycemic control secondary to weight-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • 205
  • 27 May 2024
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