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Topic Review
The Mediterranean Diet and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide, thanks to a combination of foods rich mainly in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients. Many studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between the Mediterranean diet and some chronic gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • 433
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Nurse
Patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex patients with various problems from a clinical and psychological point of view. This complexity must be addressed by a multidisciplinary team, and an inflammatory bowel disease nurse can be the ideal professional figure to create a link between doctor and patient. 
  • 431
  • 26 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Microvascular Thrombosis and Liver Fibrosis Progression
Fibrosis is a frequent consequence of organ injury. The formation of an extracellular matrix (ECM) depends on a complex cascade of cellular and molecular pathways, the chronic activation of which results in a sustained fibrogenic process that leads to structural changes and, ultimately, to dysfunction of the affected organ. Thus, fibrosis is a major contributor to organ failure in human pathophysiology.
  • 431
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Susceptibility and disease course of COVID-19 among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are unclear and epidemiological data on the topic are still limited. There is some concern that patients with immuno-mediated diseases such as IBD, which are frequently treated with immunosuppressive therapies, may have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with its related serious adverse outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologic drugs, which are commonly prescribed to these patients, have been associated with higher rates of severe viral and bacterial infections including influenza and pneumonia. It is not known whether these drugs can be so harmful as to justify their interruption during COVID-19 infection or if, on the contrary, patients with IBD can benefit from them. As shown by recent reports, it cannot be excluded that drugs that suppress the immune system can block the characteristic cytokine storm of severe forms of COVID-19 and consequently reduce mortality. Another cause for concern is the up-regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors that has been noticed in these patients, which could facilitate the entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IBD, the clinical characteristics of patients who contract the infection, and the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and immunosuppressive treatment. 
  • 429
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
NAFLD Distribution
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Nowadays, its prevalence is 25% worldwide and it is projected to reach the 30% in 2030, making NAFLD an important public health issue. NAFLD prevalence can vary according to the region and the social group under study. In fact, NAFLD distribution shows large inequalities by social group: Males have higher NAFLD prevalence, although if only postmenopausal women are taken into account, the prevalence is similar between genders. In the US, the Hispanic population has the highest NAFLD prevalence and African-American the lowest. Finally, higher NAFLD prevalence has been found among individuals with lower socioeconomic positions and food-insecure households. 
  • 429
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The Role of EPH/Ephrin System in the Pancreas
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major concern for health care systems worldwide, since its mortality remains unaltered despite the surge in cutting-edge science. The EPH/ephrin signaling system was first investigated in the 1980s. EPH/ephrins have been shown to exert bidirectional signaling and cell-to-cell communication, influencing cellular morphology, adhesion, migration and invasion. 
  • 430
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
White-Light Endoscopy for Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease with low long-term survival rates. An early diagnosis is essential to offer a better prognosis and curative treatment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the main tool for the screening and diagnosis of patients with gastric pre-neoplastic conditions and early lesions. Under white-light endoscopy (WLE), early gastric cancer (EGC) should be suspected in the presence of mucosal surface irregularity and/or mucosal coloration changes.
  • 429
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have been recognized as occidentalized diseases, due to their higher rates of incidence and prevalence in occidental countries. CD mostly presents between 20 and 30 years, whereas UC mostly presents between 30 and 40 years, as well as from 60 to 70 years. 
  • 427
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microbiota in Healthy Individuals
Although the microbiome is dynamic, changing in relation with human age and health status, there is an equilibrium between different types of species maintaining eubiosis and sustaining an absence of pathology. “All diseases begin in the gut” is an ancient quote that still maintains its truth: alteration of the composition and function of the healthy microbial structure leads to dysbiosis, resulting in various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, systemic metabolic diseases, and neurological impairments.
  • 426
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori
Despite the declining trend of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) prevalence around the globe, ongoing efforts are still needed to optimize current and future regimens in view of the increasing antibiotic resistance. The resistance of H. pylori to different antibiotics is caused by different molecular mechanisms, and advancements in sequencing technology have come a far way in broadening our understanding and in facilitating the testing of antibiotic susceptibility to H. pylori.
  • 426
  • 28 Jul 2023
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