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Topic Review
Nlrp3 Inflammasome in Colitis-Associated Colo-Rectal Cancer
Colitis-associated colo-rectal cancer remains the leading cause of mortality in inflammatory bowel diseases, with inflammation remaining one of the bridging points between the two pathologies. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex plays an important role in innate immunity; however, its misregulation can be responsible for the apparition of various pathologies such as ulcerative colitis.
  • 236
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Contribution of Leukocytes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries, affecting approximately 25% of the adult population. This condition encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by abnormal accumulation of fat in liver tissue (non-alcoholic fatty liver, NAFL) that can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by the presence of liver inflammation and damage. Lymphocytes are certainly the most relevant leukocytes of the adaptive immune system. 
  • 401
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Microbiota in the Natural History of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer is still burdened with a severe prognosis, despite advances in the diagnosis and surgical management of this disease. The microbiota is a true organ, capable of several interactions throughout the digestive system. Microbiota can influence the development of precancerous disease predisposing to pancreatic cancer (PC). At the same time, neoplastic tissue shows specific characteristics in terms of diversity and phenotype, determining the short- and long-term prognosis.
  • 288
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Gut Microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to play a pivotal role in various human physiological functions and diseases. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, research has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is also involved in the development and severity of COVID-19 symptoms by regulating SARS-CoV-2 entry and modulating inflammation.
  • 494
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Immune-Focused Pathophysiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
The emerging field of immuno-oncology has brought exciting developments in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has also raised urgent questions about the role of immunotherapy in the setting of liver transplantation, both before and after transplant. A growing body of evidence points to the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents as potential adjuncts for successful down-staging of advanced HCCs to allow successful transplant in carefully selected patients. For patients with recurrent HCC post-transplant, immunotherapy has a limited, yet growing role.
  • 356
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Physiopathology of Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a severe chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with relapsing–remitting behavior. It is also called regional ileitis due to its frequent involvement of the ileum, which can occur anywhere in the GIT, being typically transmural.
  • 377
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Female Gender in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Inflammatory bowel diseases show a gender bias, as reported for several other immune-mediated diseases. Female-specific differences influence disease presentation and activity, leading to a different progression between males and females. Women show a genetic predisposition to develop inflammatory bowel disease related to the X chromosome. Female hormone fluctuation influences gastrointestinal symptoms, pain perception, and the state of active disease at the time of conception could negatively affect the pregnancy. Women with inflammatory bowel disease report a worse quality of life, higher psychological distress, and reduced sexual activity than male patients. 
  • 529
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Surgical Strategies for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Resection
Among primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common. Surgical resection and liver transplantation both represent potentially curative treatments not only in the case of the first occurrence, but also in those cases of disease recurrence if a proper selection of patients is performed ahead. Incidentally, the type and the time of relapse carry important weight on patient prognosis and overall survival. For these cases, proper management has still not been exactly defined.
  • 563
  • 11 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Role of Exosomes in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer
Exosomes are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells have been found to secrete exosomes for intercellular communication. Exosomal pathways play vital roles in the pathogenesis of EBV-related malignancies. 
  • 256
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Microbiomes Influence the Effects of Diet on Cancer
Microbiomes interact with localized and systemic host cell populations where they help to maintain immune homeostasis. Microbiota use different dietary factors for energy and in turn produce by-products that impact the host cell populations. Dietary factors can also influence the composition and diversity of microbiota populations, in turn impacting the interactions of the microbiomes with host. Perturbations in this system, commonly referred to as dysbiosis, have been associated with various diseases including cancer.
  • 407
  • 09 Feb 2023
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