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Topic Review
Management of Melasma
Melasma is a commonly occurring pigmented skin condition that can significantly affect one’s appearance, described as symmetric hyperpigmentation that presents as irregular brown to gray-brown macules on various facial areas, such as the cheeks, forehead, nasal bridge, and upper lip, along with the mandible and upper arms. Due to its complex pathogenesis and recurrent nature, melasma management is challenging and the outcomes following treatment are not always deemed satisfactory. 
  • 221
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Melanoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma
Skin cancer is a common, preventable condition of global importance. Different types of skin cancer, like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, have various risk factors, including UV exposure and genetics. Identifying these risk factors is crucial for targeting early detection and nuanced treatment.
  • 221
  • 29 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Cutaneous irAEs Induced by ICIs
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as promising therapeutic options for the treatment of various cancers. These novel treatments effectively target key mediators of immune checkpoint pathways. ICIs primarily consist of monoclonal antibodies that specifically block cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG-3). Despite the notable efficacy of ICIs in cancer treatment, they can also trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which present as autoimmune-like or inflammatory conditions.
  • 218
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Large Language Models in Dermatopathology
The potential advantages of Large Language Models (LLMs) include a streamlined generation of pathology reports, the ability to learn and provide up-to-date information, and simplified patient education. Existing instances of LLMs encompass diagnostic support, research acceleration, and trainee education. Challenges involve biases, data privacy and quality, and establishing a balance between AI and dermatopathological expertise. Prospects include the integration of LLMs with other AI technologies to improve diagnostics and the improvement of multimodal LLMs that can handle both text and image input. 
  • 217
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Histopathological Markers for Therapies in Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas
Targeted (biological) therapies have become available also for primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (PCTCLs) including anti-CD30 (brentuximab vedotin) in mycosis fungoides, primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid papulosis; anti-CCR4 (mogamulizumab) in Sezary syndrome; anti-CD123 (tagraxofusp) in blastic plasmocytoid cell neoplasm. Moreover, anti-PD1 (nivolumab), anti-PDL1 (pembrolizumab, atezolizumab), anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab), anti-KIR3DL2-CD158k (lacutamab), and anti-CD70 (cusatuzumab) have been tested or are under investigations in phase II trials. The expression of these epitopes on neoplastic cells in skin biopsies or blood samples plays a central role in the management of PCTCL patients.
  • 212
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma
Cutaneous melanoma is a public health problem. Pathogenic pathways and the tumor microclimate are key to the development of therapeutic methods. Revolutionary therapies like targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are starting to replace traditional therapeutic methods. Targeted therapy aims at a specific molecule in the pathogenic chain to block it, stopping cell growth and dissemination. The main function of immune checkpoint inhibitors is to boost cellular immunity in order to combat cancer cells.
  • 208
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Medicinal Plants Used in Skin Diseases Treatment
Wound healing is a multifaceted process necessitating the collaboration of numerous elements to mend damaged tissue. Plant and animal-derived natural compounds have been utilized for wound treatment over the centuries, with many scientific investigations examining these compounds. Those with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties are particularly noteworthy, as they target various wound-healing stages to expedite recovery.
  • 207
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Current Targeted Biologics in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating cutaneous disease characterized by a vicious cycle of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction that stems from disruption of the skin microbiome and abnormal activation of both the innate and adaptive immune system. 
  • 193
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Pathology of Melanoma
Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, presents a significant clinical challenge due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to conventional therapies. It originates from melanocytes and is increasingly prevalent. Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic and epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development.
  • 169
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Role of Pyroptosis in Psoriasis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Inflammatory skin diseases, also called inflammatory dermatoses, are a group of immune-mediated skin diseases with a complex etiology in which both genetic and environmental (i.e., lifestyle) factors play an essential role. Psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are two of the many diseases that are encompassed by this term. It has been shown that pyroptosis plays a role in the development and exacerbation of comorbidities occurring in patients suffering from psoriasis and HS. 
  • 154
  • 17 Jan 2024
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