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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Treatments for Uremic Pruritus
Conventional treatments for uremic pruritus including emollient, topical agents, antihistamine, dialysis modification, phototherapy, and serotonin receptor antagonists.
  • 346
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the genital skin and mucous membrane. 
  • 466
  • 04 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma
Cutaneous melanoma is a public health problem. Pathogenic pathways and the tumor microclimate are key to the development of therapeutic methods. Revolutionary therapies like targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are starting to replace traditional therapeutic methods. Targeted therapy aims at a specific molecule in the pathogenic chain to block it, stopping cell growth and dissemination. The main function of immune checkpoint inhibitors is to boost cellular immunity in order to combat cancer cells.
  • 68
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Transmission of Onychomycosis and Dermatophytosis between Household Members
Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail, caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes, and yeasts. Predisposing factors include older age, trauma, diabetes, immunosuppression, and previous history of nail psoriasis or tinea pedis. Shared household equipment, including footwear, bedding, and nail tools, may transmit dermatophytes. The persistence of dermatophytes on household cleaning supplies, linen, and pets may serve as lasting sources of infection. Further investigation of the specific mechanisms behind household spread is needed to break the cycle of transmission, reducing the physical and social impacts of onychomycosis.
  • 447
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Tranexamic Acid in Melasma and Sun-Induced Hyperpigmentation Treatment
Tranexamic acid (TXA) has anti-plasmin activity and has been shown when administered orally to be effective against melasma, for which it is considered first-line pharmacotherapy. Several studies have shown that topically applied TXA is also effective against melasma and skin hyperpigmentation caused by sunburn and inflammation. The TXA concentration in the epidermis and dermis/vasculature has been estimated from its distribution in the skin after closed application, and topically applied TXA has thus been shown to act on neutrophils and mast cells in the dermis and on the vascular system.
  • 560
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
TNF-α Inhibitors and Vaccinations
This entry is a up-to-dated review of the current indications for vaccination in patients on anti-TNF-a therapy. Live attenuated vaccines are always contraindicated, while inactivated vaccines can be safely administered.
  • 761
  • 15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Tissue Biomarkers Predicting Status in Cutaneous Melanoma
Cutaneous melanoma is a severe neoplasm that shows early invasiveness of the lymph nodes draining the primary site, with increased risk of distant metastases and recurrence. The tissue biomarker identification could be a new frontier to predict the risk of early lymph node invasiveness, especially in cases considered by current guidelines to be at low risk of lymph node involvement and not requiring evaluation of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). 
  • 339
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Managements for Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorders
Autoimmune bullous skin disorders are a group of disorders characterized by the formation of numerous blisters and erosions on the skin and/or the mucosal membrane, arising from autoantibodies against the intercellular adhesion molecules and the structural proteins. They can be classified into intraepithelial or subepithelial autoimmune bullous dermatoses based on the location of the targeted antigens. These dermatoses are extremely debilitating and fatal in certain cases, depending on the degree of cutaneous and mucosal involvement. Effective treatments should be implemented promptly. Glucocorticoids serve as the first-line approach due to their rapid onset of therapeutic effects and remission of the acute phase. Nonetheless, long-term applications may lead to major adverse effects that outweigh the benefits. Hence, other adjuvant therapies are mandatory to minimize the potential harm and ameliorate the quality of life.
  • 586
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Agents Targeting Immune Mediators in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa (AI), is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating skin disease thought to involve occlusion of the hair follicle at the pilosebaceous unit (PSU) such as axillary, inguinal, and anogenital regions. Clinically, HS manifests as painful inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and interconnected tunnels emitting malodorous discharge and results in disfiguring scarring that has a considerable impact on a patient’s quality of life. 
  • 53
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a central DNA repair pathway responsible for removing a wide variety of DNA-distorting lesions from the genome. The highly choreographed cascade of core NER reactions requires more than 30 polypeptides. The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays an essential role in the NER process. XPA interacts with almost all NER participants and organizes the correct NER repair complex. In the absence of XPA’s scaffolding function, no repair process occurs. Researchers briefly summarize the knowledge about the XPA protein structure and analyze the formation of contact with its protein partners during NER complex assembling.
  • 414
  • 30 Dec 2022
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