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Topic Review
Anti-Angiogenic Agents in Thymic Epithelial Tumor Treatment
Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are included in the rare group of cancers of the anterior mediastinum known as thymic epithelial tumors (TET). Their origin is the thymus’ epithelial cells. Anti-angiogenics have shown their potential efficacy in many solid tumors; however, their place in the treatment of thymic epithelial tumors (TET) comprising thymoma and thymic carcinoma (TC) is less clear. Angiogenesis significantly influences TET carcinogenesis. Both thymomas and TC overexpress VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 and -2.
  • 261
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Angiogenic Drugs
Angiogenesis can be revisited as a complex biological process with numerous compensatory pathways that can be activated, challenging the discovery of predictive biomarkers, since the cancer microenvironment and the complex milieu are difficult to classify and several actors are simultaneously shaping the key pro-angiogenic ecosystem. Bevacizumab represents the archetypic example of the various mechanisms of action, which may differ between cancer types and chemotherapy, unveiling the multifaceted functions in driving regression of existing tumor vasculature, halting new vessel growth, shaping the anti-permeability of surviving vasculature, and priming vessel normalization and co-option. Unfortunately, a poor correlation between response and survival exists, and the effects are mainly limited to PFS, and from a clinical trials standpoint, cross-over events at progression make identification of response criteria and biomarkers difficult.
  • 542
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Angiogenic Therapy
Anti-angiogenics currently used in cancer therapy target angiogenesis by two major mechanisms: (i) neutralizing angiogenic factors or their receptors by using macromolecule anti-angiogenic drugs (e.g., therapeutic antibodies), and (ii) blocking intracellularly the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases with small molecule (Mr < 1 kDa) inhibitors. Anti-angiogenics halt the growth and spread of cancer, and significantly prolong the disease-free survival of the patients. However, resistance to treatment, insufficient efficacy, and toxicity limit the success of this antivascular therapy. Published evidence suggests that four albumin-binding proteins (ABPs) (gp18, gp30, gp60/albondin, and secreted protein acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC)) could be responsible for the accumulation of small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) in normal organs and tissues and therefore responsible for the side effects and toxicity associated with this type of cancer therapy.
  • 493
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Various anti-angiogenic agents are either being used for treatment of glioblastoma or are approved for use in other malignancies and are being explored for use in glioblastoma. The anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies, receptor fusions proteins, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors.
  • 302
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Arrhythmic Effects of Heart Failure Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for a substantial proportion of mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), frequently triggered by ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HFrEF is founded on a cornerstone of four distinct classes of medications: beta-blockers (BB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).
  • 212
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Anti-Arthritic and Anti-Cancer Activities of Polyphenols
Polyphenols have gained widespread attention as they are effective in the prevention and management of various diseases, including cancer diseases (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are natural organic substances present in fruits, vegetables, and spices. Polyphenols interact with various kinds of receptors and membranes. They modulate different signal cascades and interact with the enzymes responsible for CD and RA. These interactions involve cellular machinery, from cell membranes to major nuclear components, and provide information on their beneficial effects on health.
  • 450
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Biofilm Treatments: Single and Combination Antibiotic Therapy
The public health challenge of antibacterial resistance has escalated considerably over recent decades. Of all potentially pathogenic species of bacteria those that form biofilm, complex surface-attached communities of bacteria held together by self-produced polysaccharide extracellular matrices, show heightened resistance to antibiotics. Foremost among these is Staphylococcus, in particular methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) facilitates improved treatment of S. aureus biofilm infections. Although current approaches to combination therapy, typically using an antibiotic alongside an anti-biofilm agent, can achieve successful patient outcomes, complete removal of biofilm remains extremely difficult. Ongoing research aims to develop better means to address this important clinical concern.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Fucoxanthin
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance.
  • 280
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Activities and Selective Anticancer Activities of Lycopene
Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer.
  • 361
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Betulin
Betulin is a lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene. It consists of four six-membered rings arranged in a trans configuration and one five-membered ring. It is characterized by a range of biological properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. It is also an origin compound for obtaining derivatives with higher biological activity and better bioavailability.
  • 348
  • 26 Sep 2023
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