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Topic Review
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorder, characterized by polyfocal symptoms, encephalopathy and typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, that especially affects young children. Advances in understanding CNS neuroimmune disorders as well as the association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) with both monophasic and recurrent forms of ADEM have led to new insights into its definition, management and outcome.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP)is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant, commonly known as purple coneflower and it belongs to the Asteraceae family. The Echinacea genus is originally from North America, in the United States, and its species are widely distributed throughout. There are nine different species of Echinacea, but only three of them are used as medicinal plants with wide therapeutic uses: Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. and Echinacea angustifolia DC. Several significant groups of bioactive compounds with pharmacological activities have been isolated from Echinacea species. Numerous beneficial effects have been demonstrated about these compounds.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon)
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is a member of the Ebenaceae family and is a very popular and important fruit in East Asian countries, being widely produced in China, South Korea, and Japan. The name “persimmon” (Diospyros) originates from the Greek dióspuron, which means “food of Zeus”, while “kaki” comes from the Japanese kaki (柿).
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Mark-up Mechanism
A mark-up is defined as the additional charges and costs that are applied to the price of a product for the purpose of covering overhead costs, distribution charges, and profit.
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
FDA-Approved Multiple Sclerosis Drugs
The molecular effects of traditional and more recently FDA-approved Multiple Sclerosis (MS) drugs on four CNS cell types.
  • 1.5K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Tongue and Systemic Connections Microbiota
The tongue is able to quickly reflect the state of health or disease of the human body. Tongue inspection is an important diagnostic approach. It is a unique method that allows to explore the pathogenesis of diseases based on the guiding principles of the holistic concept that involves the observation of changes in the lining of the tongue in order to understand the physiological functions and pathological changes of the body. It is a potential method of screening and early detection of cancer.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Lignans
This entry focuses on lignans, a non-flavonoid polyphenolic class found in plant foods for human nutrition, recently studied as potential modulators of the gut-brain axis. In particular, gut bacterial metabolism is able to convert dietary lignans into therapeutically relevant polyphenols (i.e., enterolignans), such as enterolactone and enterodiol. Enterolignans are characterized by various biologic activities, including tissue-specific estrogen receptor activation, together with anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects. The variability in enterolignans production by the gut microbiota is strictly related to both bioaccessibility and bioavailability of parent lignans through the entire gastrointestinal tract. 
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Label-Free SERS Analysis of Exosomes
Exosomes are emerging as one of the most intriguing cancer biomarkers in modern oncology for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Concurrently, several nanoplasmonic methods have been applied and developed to tackle the challenging task of enabling the rapid, sensitive, affordable analysis of exosomes.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Wrinkles in Nose Region
As wrinkle removal using BoNT is being performed more often, the adverse effects, such as paralysis of the nearby muscles, diplopia, ptosis, and samurai eyebrows have been reported. When treating wrinkles with BoNT in the nasal region, significant problems, such as diplopia may result from unintended paralysis of the rectus inferior or medialis. To prevent these side effects, the injection should be administered at an anatomically accurate location of the targeting muscle, and the initial treatment should be at a reduced dosage.
  • 1.5K
  • 18 May 2022
Topic Review
Risk Factors of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and also the most common malignant primary tumor of the brain and central nervous system, accounting for 14.5% of all central nervous system tumors and 48.6% of malignant central nervous system tumors. The median overall survival (OS) of GBM patients is low, at only 15 months.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 May 2022
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