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Topic Review
Amorphization of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs
Amorphization technology has been the subject of continuous attention in the pharmaceutical industry, as a means to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Being in a high energy state, amorphous formulations generally display significantly increased apparent solubility as compared to their crystalline counterparts, which may allow them to generate a supersaturated state in the gastrointestinal tract and in turn, improve the bioavailability. Conventionally, hydrophilic polymers have been used as carriers, in which the amorphous drugs were dispersed and stabilized to form polymeric amorphous solid dispersions. However, the technique had its limitations, some of which include the need for a large number of carriers, the tendency to recrystallize during storage, and the possibility of thermal decomposition of the drug during preparation. Therefore, emerging amorphization technologies have focused on the investigation of novel amorphous-stabilizing carriers and preparation methods that can improve the drug loading and the degree of amorphization. 
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
AMP-activated Protein Kinase
We live and to do so we must breathe and eat, so are we a combination of what we eat and breathe? Here we will consider this question, and the role in this respect of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Emerging evidence suggests that AMPK facilitates central and peripheral reflexes that coordinate breathing and oxygen supply, and contributes to central regulation of feeding and food choice. We propose, therefore, that oxygen supply to the body is aligned with not only the quantity we eat, but also nutrient-based diet selection, and that the cell-specific expression pattern of AMPK subunit isoforms is critical to appropriate system alignment in this respect. If this is the case, then aberrant cell-specific changes in the expression of AMPK subunit isoforms could give rise, in part, to known associations between a wide variety of conditions associated with metabolic disorder.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
Ampicillin Plus Ceftriaxone Regimen against Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis
Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) continues to represent a potentially fatal infectious disease characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy, changing demographics and the reduced availability of useful antibiotics combined with the dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains, the mortality rate remained unchanged in the last decades. Nowadays, optimizing the antibiotic regimen is still of paramount importance.
  • 544
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Amygdalin as a Promising Anticancer Agent
Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 (and laetrile, a synthetic compound), is a cyanogenic glycoside compound that is mainly found in the kernels and pulps of fruits. This compound has been proposed for decades as a promising naturally occurring substance which may provide anticancer effects.
  • 362
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Amylin Receptors
Amylin, a peptide hormone with 37 residue units, has been linked as a putative target for cognitive damage and glycemic irregularities in relation to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.
  • 808
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Formation
One of the prime suspects in AD pathology, β-amyloid is a major component of amyloid senile plaques derived from the proteolytic action of proteases such as β-secretase and γ-secretase on amyloid-β precursor protein (APP).
  • 693
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene Mutations
Mutations in the gene encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP) cause autosomal dominant inherited Alzheimer’s disease (AD). 
  • 487
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Amyloid-Targeting Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is characterized by extracellular infiltration and deposition of amyloid fibrils primarily derived from the circulating transthyretin protein (TTR) or immunoglobulin light chain (AL). Bone-seeking single-photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) quantification and amyloid-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging could be useful as a new strategy for disease burden and therapy monitoring to provide more insights into therapy response assessed by quantifying the amyloid burden in CA.
  • 335
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Amyloidosis is a clinical and pathological condition in which amyloid accumulates in various organs and cells of the body, forming amyloid plaques for complex reasons, leading to organ dysfunction. It can be hereditary or acquired. Depending on the location of amyloid fibers’ deposition, amyloidosis is divided into two groups, one is localized amyloidosis, that occurs in a specific area of a single tissue, and the other is systemic amyloidosis, which occurs throughout the body. Amyloid plaques are made up of amyloid proteins. Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is the main component that plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD and is considered to be the leading cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development.
  • 705
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has long been considered to be a purely motor disorder. However, it has become apparent that many ALS patients develop cognitive and behavioral manifestations similar to frontotemporal dementia and the term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal spectrum disorder (ALS-FTSD) is now used in these circumstances. 
  • 411
  • 29 Apr 2021
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