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Topic Review
Food Composition Databases
Food databases (FDB), or more correctly food composition databases, contain detailed information on the nutritional composition of foods and on other relevant compounds (e.g., polyphenols, phytic acid). Food components primarily determine nutritional features and, in some cases, quality aspects. For example, polyphenols, which are abundant in plants, are often associated to bitter taste and astringency sensation of foods, while acting in favour of food safety by inhibiting foodborne pathogens and spoilage microbes.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers
Prostate cancer biomarkers can be measured in urine, blood or tissue. A variety of tests that analyse patients' biomarkers have been developed to improve diagnosis, prognosis and to help stratify individual's risk of prostate cancers. Liquid biopsy biomarkers are easy-to-use and non-invasive. They guide the decision-making process, determine whether the patient requires treatment or can be monitored under active surveillance, and help choose the best treatment option.
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sleep in Declarative Memory Consolidation
There is ample evidence supporting a key role of sleep in memory consolidation. Thalamo-cortical and hippocampal-neocortical interactions allow the reconfiguration of synapses. Oscillatory and molecular changes are involved during sleep in memory consolidation and synaptic rescalling.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Skin Stem Cells and Wound Healing
The human skin is a necessary organ for survival; therefore, its integrity and uncompromised function are essential. Normally, skin wounds can heal without problem; however, some diseases or extensive damage may delay or prevent healing. Skin stem cells (SSCs) are heavily involved in the healing process, as they can replace, restore, and regenerate the epidermal cells that may have been lost, damaged, or have become pathologically dysfunctional. However, non-healing wounds represent a serious and life-threatening scenario that may require advanced therapeutic strategies that may involve the use of stem cell allografts.
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Beneficial health properties of common natural phenolic acids
Phenolic acids comprise a group of natural compounds that are present in a wide range of herbs and other species of the plant kingdom. This work focuses on the most common natural occurring phenolic acids (caffeic, carnosic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, vanillic) and gives a summary of their recently reported health related effects that mainly link to their antioxidant properties. A number of in vitro and in vivo animal studies has been screened by the authors who report on most important research findings on each individual phenolic acid (or natural mixtures of them) while also formulating a number of conclusions and recommendations for future work in this scientific field.
  • 1.7K
  • 24 Oct 2020
Topic Review
AI and General movements (GMs)
       General movements (GMs) are spontaneous movements of infants up to five months post-term involving the whole body varying in sequence, speed, and amplitude. The assessment of GMs has shown its importance for identifying infants at risk for neuromotor deficits, especially for the detection of cerebral palsy. As the assessment is based on videos of the infant that are rated by trained professionals, the method is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, approaches based on Artificial Intelligence have gained significantly increased attention in the last years.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Drug Cue Reactivity
Drug cue reactivity is a type of learned response which is observed in individuals with drug addiction and involves significant physiological and subjective reactions to presentations of drug-related stimuli.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Gut-Derived Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) afflicts more than 500 million people worldwide and is one of the fastest growing global causes of mortality. When glomerular filtration rate begins to fall, uremic toxins accumulate in the serum and significantly increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease and other causes. Several of the most harmful uremic toxins are produced by the gut microbiota. Furthermore, many such toxins are protein-bound and are therefore recalcitrant to removal by dialysis. We review the derivation and pathological mechanisms of gut-derived, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs). We further outline the emerging relationship between kidney disease and gut dysbiosis, including the bacterial taxa altered, the regulation of microbial uremic toxin-producing genes, and their downstream physiological and neurological consequences. Finally, we discuss gut-targeted therapeutic strategies employed to reduce PBUTs. We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is a promising approach for the treatment of CKD by blocking the serum accumulation of PBUTs that cannot be eliminated by dialysis.
  • 1.7K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Hospital Gown
A hospital gown, also called a johnny gown or johnny, is "a long loose piece of clothing worn in a hospital by someone doing or having an operation". It can be used as clothing for bedridden patients.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
NF-κB
The family of NF-κB is composed of five members of proteins linking to DNA, (RelA, RelB, RelC, NFκ-B1, and NFκ-B2) that trigger a set of inflammatory downstream effectors after nuclear translocation, involved in a broad range of biological processes. Either a canonical or a non-canonical pathway can be responsible for their activation; the canonical pathway mediates inflammatory responses and leads to a rapid but transient NF-κB activation, while the non-canonical signalling is a slow, long-lasting pathway.
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2020
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