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Topic Review
Effects of Nutrition on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances and various metabolic abnormalities linked to insulin resistance via a vicious cycle. Genetic and environmental factors underlie its pathogenesis and evolution. Nutrition, in terms of nutrient composition, dietary patterns, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and food processing and preparation, has gained significant attention in the pathogenesis and therapeutic approach of polycystic ovary syndrome.
  • 114
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Intrastent Restenosis
Restenosis refers to the narrowing of a blood vessel’s diameter following an angioplasty procedure. Intrastent restenosis (ISR) is a challenging medical problem. A meta-analysis showed that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ISR is associated with a higher incidence of adverse cardiac events than PCI for de novo lesions. This happens especially because of a higher incidence of risk-adjusted major adverse cardiac events compared with PCI for de novo lesions at a median of ≈30 months.
  • 133
  • 16 Feb 2024
Topic Review
High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal tumor of the female genital tract. Despite extensive studies and the identification of some precursor lesions like serous tubal intraepithelial cancer (STIC) or the deviated mutational status of the patients (BRCA germinal mutation), the pathophysiology of HGSOC and the existence of particular risk factors is still a puzzle. Moreover, a lack of screening programs results in delayed diagnosis, which is accompanied by a secondary chemo-resistance of the tumor and usually results in a high recurrence rate after the primary therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the substantial risk factors for both predisposed and low-risk populations of women, as well as to create an economically and clinically justified screening program. 
  • 191
  • 14 Feb 2024
Topic Review Video
Role of Mitochondria in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects persons aged 65 years and above. It causes dementia with memory loss and deterioration in thinking and language skills. AD is characterized by specific pathology resulting from the accumulation in the brain of extracellular plaques of amyloid-β and intracellular tangles of phosphorylated tau. The importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD pathogenesis, while previously underrecognized, is now more and more appreciated. Mitochondria are an essential organelle involved in cellular bioenergetics and signaling pathways. Mitochondrial processes crucial for synaptic activity such as mitophagy, mitochondrial trafficking, mitochondrial fission, and mitochondrial fusion are dysregulated in the AD brain. Excess fission and fragmentation yield mitochondria with low energy production. Reduced glucose metabolism is also observed in the AD brain with a hypometabolic state, particularly in the temporo-parietal brain regions.
  • 144
  • 11 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Tumor Neurobiology in Head and Neck Cancer
The neurobiology of tumors has attracted considerable interest from clinicians and scientists and has become a multidisciplinary area of research. Neural components not only interact with tumor cells but also influence other elements within the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as immune cells and vascular components, forming a polygonal relationship to synergistically facilitate tumor growth and progression. 
  • 142
  • 11 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Antibiotic Therapy for Active Crohn’s Disease Targeting Pathogens
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial chronic disorder that involves a combination of factors, including genetics, immune response, and gut microbiota. Therapy includes salicylates, immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids, and biologic drugs. 
  • 165
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota and Leaky Gut in Food Allergy
Food allergies (FAs) are pathological immune reactions triggered by normally innocuous food protein antigens. Gut microbiota are one of the main actors in the complex mechanism of sensitization. The term “leaky gut” defines a status of weakening or disruption of the intestinal barrier, in which substances that are normally confined in the intestinal cavity pass through the intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream. Leaky gut has garnered significant interest due to its potential role in the onset of FA.
  • 245
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Testing for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis
Available clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) suggest using classical microscopic methods, such as vaginal smear screening (as a part of the Amsel criteria) or Gram staining of smears (as a part of the Nugent criteria). Molecular testing techniques such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and multiplex next-generation sequencing (NGS) are gaining increasing use in clinical practice as they allow quantitative detection and accurate identification of bacteria, including those associated with BV.
  • 175
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neuroinflammation is a complex innate immune response occurring in the central nervous system (CNS), orchestrated primarily by specialized resident cells, notably glial cells, with microglia and astrocytes taking center stage.
  • 179
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
COVID-19-Infection- and Steroid-Treatment-Associated Bone Avascular Necrosis
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges to the global healthcare system and emerging evidence suggests a potential link between COVID-19 treatment, specifically steroid therapy, and the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip. Understanding the nuances of AVN in the context of COVID-19 is crucial for healthcare professionals to navigate treatment decisions and mitigate potential complications.
  • 159
  • 08 Feb 2024
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