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Topic Review
Aducanumab for Positive and Negative Sides of Therapy
Aducanumab (BIIB037, ADU), being a monoclonal antibody IgG1, is the newest AD treatment. The activity of the drug is targeted towards amyloid β, which is considered one of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical trials have revealed time- and dose-dependent activity towards Aβ reduction, as well as cognition improvement. 
  • 451
  • 14 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Adult Abdominal Tuberculosis Diagnosis
Tuberculosis is a common systemic infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is primarily found in the lungs and causes caseous inflammation in lung tissue and other organs. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that spreads via the air. Tuberculosis is an endemic disease in developing countries, due to the wide spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it might represent a problem in developed countries, as well. Only around one-fifth of patients diagnosed with abdominal TB have pulmonary disease. 
  • 625
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale
The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Symptom Checklist is a self-reported questionnaire used to assist in the diagnosis of adult ADHD. ADHD is a neurological disorder that can present itself in adolescence and adulthood. Some individuals can outgrow ADHD but around 30% will continue to have ADHD throughout their adulthood. Adults with ADHD may experience difficulties in relation to cognitive, academic, occupational, social and economic situations. The PhenX Toolkit uses ASRS as its adult protocol for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms.
  • 573
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to protect against stress-induced major depression, and hence, could serve as a resilience mechanism.
  • 790
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Adult Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant embryonal tumor of the posterior fossa belonging to the family of primitive neuro-ectodermic tumors (PNET). MB generally occurs in pediatric age, but in 14–30% of cases, it affects the adults, mostly below the age of 40, with an incidence of 0.6 per million per year, representing about 0.4–1% of tumors of the nervous system in adults. Unlike pediatric MB, robust prospective trials are scarce for the post-puberal population, due to the low incidence of MB in adolescent and young adults.
  • 317
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Adult Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare but severe complication of hematopoietic or solid organ transplant recipients, with variable incidence and timing of occurrence depending on different patient-, therapy-, and transplant-related factors. The pathogenesis of PTLD is complex, with most cases of early PLTD having a strong association with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and the iatrogenic, immunosuppression-related decrease in T-cell immune surveillance. Without appropriate T-cell response, EBV-infected B cells persist and proliferate, resulting in malignant transformation. Classification is based on the histologic subtype and ranges from nondestructive hyperplasias to monoclonal aggressive lymphomas, with the most common subtype being diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-like PTLD. Management focuses on prevention of PTLD development, as well as therapy for active disease. Treatment is largely based on the histologic subtype.
  • 598
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Adult-Onset Still’s Disease
Adult-onset Still’s disease (AoSD) is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized by arthritis, spiking fever, skin rash and elevated ferritin levels. 
  • 547
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Adulthood ADHD and Bipolar Disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that usually has its onset in childhood. Although the disorder persists into adulthood in half of cases, adult ADHD is often not recognized due to different psychopathological characteristics, quite often overlapping with other diagnoses such as mood, anxiety and personality disorders. This is especially true for bipolar disorder (BD), which shares several symptoms with adult ADHD. Moreover, besides an overlapping clinical presentation, BD is often co-occurring in adults with ADHD, with comorbidity figures as high as 20%. 
  • 813
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Adults Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition at End of Life
“End of life” is a stage defined by the existence of an irreversible prognosis that ends with a person’s death. One of the aspects of interest regarding end of life focuses on parenteral nutrition, which is usually administered in order to avoid malnutrition and associated complications.
  • 247
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Advance Directives in Oncology and Haematology
Advance directives (ADs) allow everyone to give their preferences in advance regarding life sustaining treatments, continuation, and withdrawal or withholding of treatments in case one is not able to speak their mind anymore. While the absence of ADs is associated with a greater probability of receiving unwanted intensive care around the end of their life, their existence correlates with the respect of the patient’s desires and their greater satisfaction.
  • 364
  • 02 Mar 2022
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