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Topic Review
Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological disease characterized by enlarged cerebral ventricles and clinical features of gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive decline.
  • 872
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Lactoferrin as Supportive Therapy in Antibiotic Treatment
To date, the best-studied active ingredient in bovine colostrum (BC) and milk is lactoferrin (LF). It is an evolutionarily old protein present in excretory fluids of mammals and secondary granules of neutrophils and is released from them at sites of inflammation. This 80 KDa, single polypeptide chain protein belongs to the transferring family and has a property to bind two Fe3+ ions. Lactoferrins from various species have similar amino acid sequences and similar tertiary structures. This high interspecies homology indicates a similar function for this protein in different mammalian species.
  • 872
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
VEGF/VEGFR in tumour anti-angiogenic therapy
It is now known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) play a pivotal role in angiogenesis process. Nowadays, the use of inhibitors of angiogenesis promoting factors is a powerful tool in anticancer combination therapeutic strategies, especially in cancer anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT).
  • 872
  • 19 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Many people still die of lung cancer (LC), a disease that is mainly related to cigarette smoking. Smokers may also develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a risk factor per se for LC. Cigarette smoking and other chemicals injure DNA on a daily basis. A repair mechanism based on PARP-1 and PARP-2 activity can restore damaged DNA to keep cells alive. However, cancer cells also take advantage of this mechanism to survive. Fifteen LC-COPD and 15 LC patients were enrolled in this study to elucidate whether COPD influences DNA damage-dependent PARP activity in lung tumors. DNA damage, PARP activity, PARP-1 and PARP-2 expression were analyzed in tumor and non-tumor lungs obtained during surgical resection of the lung tumors. DNA damage and PARP activity were increased only in tumors in LC-COPD patients. However, PARP-1 and PARP-2 expression decreased in tumors of both patient groups. LC patients with COPD may benefit from PARP inhibitor therapies.
  • 872
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia without cytological atypia is commonly treated with progestins, but other treatments may be available with equivalent efficacy and reduced side effects. Here, we evaluate the effect of genistein aglycone on angiogenesis and apoptosis-related markers women with endometrial hyperplasia. Premenopausals (n=38) with nonatypical endometrial hyperplasia were administered either genistein aglycone (54 mg/day, n=19) or norethisterone acetate (10 mg/day, n=19) on days 16–25 of the menstrual cycle and evaluated for 6 months. Biopsies were taken during hysteroscopy at baseline and 6 months, and symptoms including excessive uterine bleeding were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 months following recruitment. The expression of angiogenesis (Vegf), epithelial (Egf and Tgfb), and apoptosis-related (Bax, Bcl-2, and Casp-9) molecules, were assessed in uterine biopsies at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, SHBG, and progesterone levels were also measured. After 6 months, 42% of genistein aglycone-administered patients had a significant improvement of symptoms compared to 47% of norethisterone acetate subjects. No significant differences were noted in hormone levels for any treatment. Gene expression revealed a significant reduction in Vegf, Egf, and Tgfb (P<0.05 versus baseline), and an increase in proapoptotic molecules (Bax and Casp-9), with a concomitant decrease in Bcl-2 values (P<0.05) in both groups. These results suggest that genistein aglycone might be useful for the management of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia in women who cannot or do not wish to be treated with progestin.
  • 872
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Combination Therapies with PRRT
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a successful targeted radionuclide therapy in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, complete responses remain elusive. Combined treatments anticipate synergistic effects and thus better responses by combining ionizing radiation with other anti-tumor treatments. Furthermore, multimodal therapies often have a balanced toxicity profile. To date, few studies have evaluated the effect of combination therapies with PRRT, some of them phase I/II trials. 
  • 872
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers
Ovarian cancer is the eighth-most common cause of death among women worldwide. In the absence of distinctive symptoms in the early stages, the majority of women are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Surgical debulking and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, with the development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients with subsequent poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, there is a critical need to revisit existing, and identify potential biomarkers that could lead to the development of novel and more effective predictors for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The capacity of these biomarkers to predict the existence, stages, and associated therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer would enable improvements in the early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. 
  • 871
  • 15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
The Labdane Diterpenoid-Andrographolide
The diterpene lactone andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees that showed shows a plethora of biological activities, including not only anti-cancer activity, but also anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties. Andrographolide has been shown to act as an anti-tumor drug by affecting specific molecular targets that play a part in the development and progression of several cancer types including breast, lung, colon, renal, and cervical cancer, as well as leukemia and hepatocarcinoma.
  • 871
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare heritable disorder of connective tissues characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification in various skeletal sites.
  • 871
  • 28 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Obstetric Brachial Palsy
Obstetric Brachial Palsy (OBP) is defined as a partial or total flaccid paralysis that affects the upper limb of the newborn due to brachial plexus injury occurring in normal delivery, and, more rarely, in cesarean section, often associated with shoulder dystocia
  • 871
  • 05 Nov 2020
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