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Topic Review
Current Management for PAH-CHD
Current management of patients with congenital heart disease has increased their survival into adulthood. This is accompanied by potential cardiac complications, including pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD). PAH-CHD constitutes a challenging subgroup of pulmonary hypertension and requires expert management to improve quality of life and prognosis. Novel agents have shown a significant improvement in morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • 253
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Food in QoL of COPD Patients
The diet has been described as a modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of chronic diseases, and emerging evidence increasingly highlights its preventive and therapeutic role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the association between underlying conditions such as metabolic disorders, obesity, diabetes, etc., and diet is natural, the direct impact is not as obvious in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The quality of poor nutrition and the development of nutrient deficiencies in respiratory diseases, including COPD, can be correlated with disease-specific factors such as worsening respiratory symptoms. These symptoms can be improved through dietary interventions, leading to positive changes in the pathogenesis of the disease and the quality of life for patients.
  • 303
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Drug Treatments for Hair Loss
Apoptosis is a physiological process that occurs in all cell types of the human body, and it profoundly changes the fate of hair by affecting hair follicle cells. Apoptosis induces cellular changes and exhibits distinctive properties through intricate signaling pathways. Hair follicles undergo cyclic periods of growth, regression, and dormancy. Apoptosis is closely correlated with the regression phase by triggering hair follicle cell death and shedding. Regulation of apoptosis in hair follicles plays an essential role in hair loss due to maladies and drug treatments. Mitigating apoptosis can enhance hair growth and minimize hair loss. 
  • 276
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms for Resistance to Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibition
Inhibitors of PARP have been designed so that that they can be useful in the clinic by using their synthetic lethality feature. PARP inhibitors are known as the first synthetic-lethality-inducing agents allowed to be used in the clinic. Although PARP1 inhibitors are primarily used in the clinic to treat cancers with an impaired homologous recombination signaling pathway (especially BRCA1 mutation), they have recently been used as part of an adjunctive therapy in other solid cancers. This was based on the possibility that carriers without a HRD are susceptible to PARPi due to their BRCAness dependency.
  • 153
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Paediatric Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by restrictive ventricular pathophysiology determined by increased myocardial stiffness. While suspicion of RCM is initially raised by clinical evaluation and supported by electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, invasive hemodynamic evaluation is often required for diagnosis and management of patients during follow-up. RCM is commonly associated with a poor prognosis and a high incidence of heart failure, and PH is reported in paediatric patients with RCM. Only a few therapies are available for specific RCM aetiologies. Early referral to centres for advanced heart failure treatment is often necessary.
  • 169
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Laboratory Considerations for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays have revolutionized the assessment of myocardial stress and injury due to their superior sensitivity and accuracy in detecting even minor cardiac damage. However, hs-cTn is often included in the initial blood draw for baseline assessment in such patients and has prognostic value in predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality.
  • 93
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Wavefront Sensors and Aberration Sensors in Ophthalmology
The wavefront sensor is one of the main elements of the adaptive vision correction system. Its task is to measure the aberrations of the wavefront and transmit the results of these measurements to the processing device. The main causes of wavefront aberrations in the eye are the shape and optical properties of the cornea, pupil and lens. In modern diagnostic devices, wave aberrations are described in terms of Zernike polynomials (OSA and ANSI standards). Nowadays, there are a wide variety of wavefront sensors.
  • 171
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Genetic Changes of NF-κB Signaling in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States, with an estimated 52,000 deaths in 2023. Though significant progress has been made in both diagnosis and treatment of CRC in recent years, genetic heterogeneity of CRC—the culprit for possible CRC relapse and drug resistance, is still an insurmountable challenge. Thus, developing more effective therapeutics to overcome this challenge in new CRC treatment strategies is imperative. Genetic and epigenetic changes are well recognized to be responsible for the stepwise development of CRC malignancy. 
  • 138
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is a frequent neoplasm in western countries, mainly due to dietary and behavioral factors. Its incidence is growing in developing countries for the westernization of foods and lifestyles. An increased incidence rate is observed in patients under 45 years of age. In recent years, the mortality for CRC is decreased, but this trend is slowing. The mortality rate is reducing in those countries where prevention and treatments have been implemented. The survival is increased to over 65%. This trend reflects earlier detection of CRC through routine clinical examinations and screening, more accurate staging through advances in imaging, improvements in surgical techniques, and advances in chemotherapy and radiation. 
  • 181
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements in Aging
Cognitive impairment and dementia are burgeoning public health concerns, especially given the increasing longevity of the global population. These conditions not only affect the quality of life of individuals and their families, but also pose significant economic burdens on healthcare systems. 
  • 287
  • 02 Jan 2024
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