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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Berberine in Diabetes and Related Complications Treatment
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that can be extracted from herbs such as Coptis, Phellodendron, and Berberis. BBR has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various disorders. It is a multi-target drug with multiple mechanisms. Studies have shown that it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can also adjust intestinal microbial flora. 
  • 156
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Parenteral Cysteine Supplementation in Preterm Infants
Term infants with specific pathologies and preterm infants are frequently unable to feed and need parenteral nutrition (PN) to provide adequate calories and necessary nutrients that promote growth and sustain essential biological functions. Amino acid (AA) solutions are an integral part of standard PN administered in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). These AA solutions contain variable amounts of both essential and nonessential AAs. A low plasma level of any AA indicates a relative deficiency of this AA, which may be detrimental to nitrogen balance, growth and the specific functions related to this AA. Multiple studies confirmed low plasma cysteine in parenterally fed neonates. Cysteine plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, which is a cornerstone in keeping the oxidant–antioxidant balance in preterm infants who are exposed to high oxidative stress induced mainly by O2 supplementation and PN contaminated with peroxide. To respond to the urgent need for changing the current methods of parenteral cysteine supplementation, glutathione addition to PN is presented as an innovative alternative with promising results in an animal model. Future directions for research in this field are proposed.
  • 197
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
MRI-Based Assessment of Rectal Cancer Post-Neoadjuvant Therapy
Rectal cancer presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, with neoadjuvant therapy playing a pivotal role in improving resectability and patient outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a critical tool in assessing treatment response.
  • 213
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Sarcopenia and Diabetes
Sarcopenia is an age-related clinical complaint characterized by the progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle mass and strength over time. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with faster and more relevant skeletal muscle impairment. Both conditions influence each other, leading to negative consequences on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk, general health status, risk of falls, frailty, overall quality of life, and mortality.
  • 260
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Challenges in Physician–Patient Communication for Dietary Supplements
Dietary supplements are widely utilized by cancer patients as part of a complementary and integrative approach to their healthcare. However, a significant portion of patients refrain from discussing their supplement use with their physicians, often due to the perceived indifference or negativity of their healthcare providers. This communication gap exposes patients to unreliable information sources and potential risks associated with uninformed supplementation. As the healthcare landscape evolves, there is an increasing recognition of the pivotal role that physicians play in guiding patients’ healthcare decisions. A patient-centered perspective prioritizes the provision of evidence-based information tailored to the individual’s needs. It advocates for open discussions about potential risks and fosters shared decision making, respecting patient autonomy. Additionally, this approach involves offering alternative options, documenting patient preferences, and ensuring ongoing support while coordinating with the healthcare team.
  • 154
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Auditory Mismatch Responses and Speech Perception Development
Auditory Mismatch Responses (MMR), as the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Late Discriminative Negativity (LDN), change from birth to adulthood, reflecting auditory and brain maturation and language experience. Throughout development, the MMR can present a different polarity, latency, amplitude, and scalp distribution than the adult MMN/LDN. In addition, conventional ERP analysis can be complemented with time–frequency analysis (TF) to preserver non-stimulus locked neural activity, which is abundant in paediatric EEG. Although TF analysis is less popular in the MMN research field, it may help further our understanding of how speech perception develops in early childhood and in clinical populations in particular, as children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD).
  • 140
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 in Breast Cancer
TLR2 activation by pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs, respectively), activates a signaling cascade initiated by Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response protein 88 (MyD88). The consequent recruitment of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)–TNF Receptor Associated Factor (TRAF) complex leads to the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and in cancer cells, may stimulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation.
  • 156
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Course of COVID-19
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is spreading around the world and becoming a major public health crisis. All coronaviruses are known to affect the cardiovascular system. There is a strong correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and severe clinical complications, including death in COVID-19 patients. All the above-mentioned risk factors are widespread and constitute a significant worldwide health problem. Some of them are modifiable and the awareness of their connection with the COVID-19 progress may have a crucial impact on the current and possible upcoming infection.
  • 512
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as the main cause of dementia, affects millions of people around the world, whose diagnosis is based mainly on clinical criteria. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is obtained very late, when the neurodegenerative damage is significant for most patients. Therefore, the exhaustive study of biomarkers is indispensable for diagnostic, prognostic, and even follow-up support. 
  • 223
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cellular Function of STRNs and the STRIPAK Complex
Striatins (STRNs) are generally considered to be cytoplasmic proteins, with lower expression observed in the nucleus and at cell–cell contact regions. Together with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), STRNs form the core region of striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes through the coiled-coil region of STRN proteins, which is crucial for substrate recruitment. STRNs and the constituent members of the STRIPAK complex have been found to regulate several cellular functions, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, and motility.
  • 152
  • 11 Jan 2024
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