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Topic Review
Potassium Ion Channels in Glioma
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that create a regulated pore structure through which ions can pass across the lipid bilayer of biological membranes. Ion channels, specifically those controlling the flux of potassium across cell membranes, have been shown to exhibit an important role in the pathophysiology of glioma, the most common primary central nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis.
  • 312
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Translational Immuno-Oncology Research with Organoids
As the complexity of tumour microenvironment (TME) has called for more sophisticated human-based tumour models, organoids have allowed the dynamic study of spatiotemporal interactions between tumour cells and individual TME cell types. Here, the researchers discuss how organoids can study the TME across cancers and how these features may improve precision I/O. 
  • 337
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Use of Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications
Dendrimers are three-dimensional nanostructures with a high degree of molecular homogeneity, adjustable size, multivalence, high surface functionality, and high aqueous solubility. Due to these important and attractive properties, dendrimers are already being used to deliver a number of drugs and are being explored as promising carriers for nucleic acid-based vaccines. Here summarizes the literature data on the biosafety of some dendrimers has been evaluated in several clinical trials.
  • 798
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Pulsed Field Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia associated with high morbidity and mortality. AF treatment is guided by a patient–provider risk–benefit discussion regarding drug versus ablation or combination. Thermal ablation has a high rate of adverse events compared to pulsed field ablation (PFA). The success rate of PVI by PFA is high, and major adverse events are low. PFA is found to decrease the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia compared to thermal ablation. Substantial randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of PFA over conventional methods.
  • 259
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Landscape
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15–20% of all breast cancers and is characterized by an aggressive nature and a high rate of recurrence despite neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Although novel agents are constantly being introduced for the treatment of breast cancer, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy based on anthracyclines and taxanes is the mainstay treatment option for TNBC. Based on CTNeoBC pooled analysis data, the achievement of pathologic CR (pCR) in TNBC is directly linked to improved survival outcomes. Therefore, the treatment paradigm for early TNBC has shifted to neoadjuvant treatment, and the escalation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to improve the pCR rate and the addition of post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy to control the residual disease have been investigated. 
  • 438
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Pathogenesis and Obesity
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common adolescent hip disorder in children 9–15 years old with an incidence that ranges from 0.33:100,000 to 24.58:100,000. Idiopathic SCFE is strongly associated with obesity, while atypical SCFE is associated with endocrinopathies, metabolic and renal disease, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. 
  • 300
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Role of Nutrition in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has different stages as it develops, and the severity of ALD is correlated with malnutrition.
  • 220
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Atherothrombosis in Progression of Non-Coronary Artery Disease
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) encompasses a variety of non-coronary artery diseases, and its prevalence varies based on screening approaches and clinical features. Recent data reveal a global prevalence of 80 million strokes, the majority (87%) of which are ischemic.
  • 360
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biochemical Investigations of Autism Spectrum Disorders
The main biochemical mechanisms proposed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired methylation capacity, and altered amino acid metabolism.
  • 302
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Comparative Oncology in Canine and Human Prostate Cancer
Dogs are the only species other than man that spontaneously develop prostate cancer. In humans, prostate cancer is initially regulated by the steroid hormone receptor - the androgen receptor, which mediates the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Hence, human patients with disseminated or advanced prostate cancer are treated with androgen deprivation therapy alone or together with treatment that targets the androgen receptor, which is initially effective, but patients eventually become resistant to these treatments. Unlike humans, dogs are castrated at a young age, and hence may be good models of advanced prostate cancer in patients who are resistant to initially androgen deprivation. The various current therapies and compares and contrasts their benefits are discussed. 
  • 323
  • 25 Apr 2023
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