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Topic Review
Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells.
  • 419
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Beta-Glucans of Cereals
β-glucans are a polymeric dietary fiber characterized by β-(1,3) and β-(1,4) glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers. They are often used as thickeners, stabilizers, and fat substitutes in foods. The functional and technological quality of β-glucans is attributed to their origin/source, molecular weight, and structural properties. In particular, physical treatments such as drying, cooking, freezing, and refrigeration influence their molecular, morphological, and rheological characteristics. In addition to their useful technical qualities, β-glucans are recognized for their numerous beneficial impacts on human health. 
  • 421
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Extracellular Matrix Regulation in Brain Disease
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounds cells in the brain, providing structural and functional support. Emerging studies demonstrate that the ECM plays important roles during development, in the healthy adult brain, and in brain diseases.
  • 265
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Non-Invasive Imaging Modalities for Bladder Cancer in Mice
Bladder cancer (BCa) requires the investigation of alternative therapies. Prior to clinical testing, researchers require the use of animal models to thoroughly investigate their therapeutic efficacy. To appropriately mimic cancer response, the cancer must be developed and treated within the relevant organ. This creates an obstacle with BCa, as cancer presence and progression are difficult to evaluate due to its location. Therefore, non-invasive techniques have been developed that allow for visualization of the cancer from outside the bladder.
  • 235
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Clinical and Echographic Features of Fetal Heart Failure
Fetal heart failure (FHF) is a condition of inability of the fetal heart to deliver adequate blood flow for tissue perfusion in various organs, especially the brain, heart, liver and kidneys. FHF is associated with inadequate cardiac output, which is commonly encountered as the final outcome of several disorders and may lead to intrauterine fetal death or severe morbidity. Fetal echocardiography plays an important role in diagnosis of FHF as well as of the underlying causes. 
  • 814
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Depressive Disorders
Around 15% of the world population has been diagnosed with a depressive disorder at least once in their life. The average annual prevalence of depressive disorders among the adult population, according to the World Health Organization, is 5%. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Depression negatively impacts the ability to work, decreases the quality of life, and constitutes a major risk factor for suicide and other adverse health outcomes. Subclinical depression may also precede the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
  • 396
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Atrial Cardiomyopathy
Ischemia with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of angina, myocardial remodeling, and eventually heart failure (HF). Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a major endotype of INOCA, and it is caused by structural and functional alterations of the coronary microcirculation. At the same time, atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) defined by structural, functional, and electrical atrial remodeling has a major clinical impact due to its manifestations: atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial thrombosis, stroke, and HF symptoms. Both these pathologies share similar risk factors and have a high comorbidity burden. CMD causing INOCA and ACM frequently coexist. 
  • 422
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Novel Therapeutic Strategies in IHD with Reduced EF
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) continues to be the most common cause of heart failure (HF). Traditional HFrEF therapies, which include beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), have extensive data from clinical trials to support their beneficial effect in patients with IHD and HFrEF, translated into improvements in survival and ventricular remodeling and function. The treatment of HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) has been innovated by the introduction of novel pharmacological therapies and device strategies which have been demonstrated to ameliorate the prognosis of HFrEF patients
  • 339
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
The Role of EPH/Ephrin System in the Pancreas
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major concern for health care systems worldwide, since its mortality remains unaltered despite the surge in cutting-edge science. The EPH/ephrin signaling system was first investigated in the 1980s. EPH/ephrins have been shown to exert bidirectional signaling and cell-to-cell communication, influencing cellular morphology, adhesion, migration and invasion. 
  • 445
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Various anti-angiogenic agents are either being used for treatment of glioblastoma or are approved for use in other malignancies and are being explored for use in glioblastoma. The anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies, receptor fusions proteins, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and proteasome inhibitors.
  • 296
  • 04 May 2023
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