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Topic Review
Molecular Machinery Involved in Brain-Derived Nerve Factor Release
Brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF), through TrkB receptor activation, is an important modulator for many different physiological and pathological functions in the nervous system. Among them, BDNF plays a crucial role in the development and correct maintenance of brain circuits and synaptic plasticity as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. The proper functioning of the central nervous system depends on the available BDNF concentrations, which are tightly regulated at transcriptional and translational levels but also by its regulated secretion.
  • 536
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
The chromosome 22q11.2 (22q11.2) deletion syndrome is a multisystemic disorder characterized by a marked variability of phenotypic features, making the diagnosis challenging for clinicians. The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations includes congenital heart defects—most frequently conotruncal cardiac anomalies—thymic hypoplasia and predominating cellular immune deficiency, laryngeal developmental defects, midline anomalies with cleft palate and velar insufficiency, structural airway defects, facial dysmorphism, parathyroid and thyroid gland hormonal dysfunctions, speech delay, developmental delay, and neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. 
  • 277
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Cinnamon and Cancer
Cinnamon is an evergreen and tropical plant of the family Lauraceae, growing particularly in Sri Lanka, whose aqueous extract has been tested in different studies to evaluate its possible use as an anti-cancer compound. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments seem to confirm that it acts on various cellular pathways, contributing to down-regulating the activity of molecules that stimulate the proliferation and survival of cells such as the transcription factors NF-KB and AP-1, COX-2, dihydrofolate reductase and pro-angiogenic substances such as VEGF, while up-regulating the function of immune cells against tumors, such as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.
  • 227
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Dejavu
Dejavu is the feeling that you have already experienced something that is actually happening for the first time. Mental illusion is a false mental image produced by misinterpretation of things that actually exist. Hallucination is an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present. Crypto amensia is an implicit memory phenomenon in which people mistakenly believe that a current thought or idea is a product of their own creation when, in fact, they have encountered it previously and then forgotten it. Glitch is a minor problem that causes a temporary setback. Reincarnation is the rebirth of a soul in another body. Dreams is a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. Fragment is a small part broken off. Hyperdopaminergic is excess secretion of the Dopamine (Neurotransmitter).
  • 342
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Infective Endocarditis during Pregnancy
The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) during pregnancy is accompanied by a poor prognosis for both mother and fetus in the absence of prompt management by multidisciplinary teams.
  • 236
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Geriatric Heart Failure Evaluation
Heart failure is one of the main morbidity and mortality factors in the general population and especially in elderly patients. Natriuretic peptides, in particular B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its fraction NTproBNP, have gained an increasingly important role in the screening, diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.
  • 345
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Hypertension Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Pregnant Women
Hypertension disorders during pregnancy (HDP) are the leading causes of neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Office BP is still the main method for the diagnosis of hypertension during pregnancy.
  • 473
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Functions of CD34
CD34 is primarily known as a biomarker for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic stem precursor cells, but it has also been identified as a marker for several non-hematopoietic cells.  All three proteins in the CD34 family share similar structural characteristics, including the presence of serine, threonine, and proline residues in their extracellular domains. These domains are heavily glycosylated and sialylated, which gives the proteins an effective size range of 90–170 kDa and defines the CD34 family as a subfamily of sialomucins.
  • 657
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Protease Inhibitor-induced Liver Injury
Antiviral protease inhibitors (PIs) are peptidomimetic molecules that block the active catalytic center of viral proteases and, thereby, prevent the cleavage of viral polyprotein precursors into maturation. They continue to be a key class of antiviral drugs that can be used either as boosters for other classes of antivirals or as major components of current regimens in therapies for the treatment of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, sustained/lifelong treatment with the drugs or drugs combined with other substance(s) often leads to severe hepatic side effects such as lipid abnormalities, insulin resistance, and steatohepatitis. Molecular mechanisms underlying the PI-induced liver injury and potential therapeutic/pharmaceutical solutions are systemically reviewed here. 
  • 257
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Therapeutic Proteins
Reinventing approved therapeutic proteins for a new dose, a new formulation, a new route of administration, an improved safety profile, a new indication, or a new conjugate with a drug or a radioactive source is a creative approach to benefit from the billions spent on developing new therapeutic proteins. These new opportunities were created only recently with the arrival of Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) tools and high throughput screening technologies. Furthermore, the complex nature of proteins offers mining opportunities that are not possible with chemical drugs; bringing in newer therapies without spending billions makes this path highly lucrative financially while serving the dire needs of humanity. 
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  • 15 May 2023
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