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Topic Review
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Cardiovascular Disease
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of 25 proteolytic enzymes (zinc-dependent endopeptidases) present in the extracellular matrix whose known role is to degrade its structural components. A primary role of these proteases has been that of cleaving extracellular matrix proteins under certain physiological and pathological conditions. Physiologically, they are involved in different processes, mediating different activities of cell proliferation and differentiation and tissue repair, as well as in the mechanisms of apoptosis and angiogenesis, or cell migration.
  • 360
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
Azoospermia (no sperm in ejaculate), a severe form of male infertility, affects around 1% of men globally. It may be caused by many factors, including blockage of the reproductive tract, hormonal disbalances, ejaculation problems or issues with spermatogenic epithelium or testicular function.
  • 216
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Fabrication Methods for Composite Films/Coatings
Chitin is made by joining N-acetyl glucosamine residues through β (1–4) glycosidic linkages and is the second-most prevalent natural polysaccharide after cellulose. Chitosan and its derivatives exhibit anti-hypoxic, adaptogenic, immunostimulant, antiviral, antibacterial, radioprotective, and hemostatic properties. In addition, they are nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable.
  • 477
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Duration of Menstrual Blood Loss
The duration of bleeding is not necessarily linked to the amount of loss but may be influenced by age, ethnicity, habitus, region and altitude of residence, dieting and stress. The onset of bleeding has been linked to declining steroid production by the corpus luteum. There remains considerable controversy around the extent of endometrial shedding at menstruation. This is likely to vary within and between women. The significance of a change from previous patterns, very short or prolonged bleeding, days of light loss or spotting before or after days of bleeding, or of bleed-free days that punctuate flow, remain poorly understood.
  • 206
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer (BC) currently occupies the second rank in cancer-related global female deaths. Although consistent awareness and improved diagnosis have reduced mortality, late diagnosis and resistant response still limit the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs (CDs), leading to relapse with consequent invasion and metastasis. Treatment with CDs is indeed well-versed but it is badly curtailed with accompanying side effects and inadequacies of site-specific drug delivery. As a result, drug carriers ensuring stealth delivery and sustained drug release with improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution are urgently needed. Core–shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) have been a cornerstone in this context, attributed to their high surface area, low density, robust functionalization, high drug loading capacity, size–shape-controlled functioning, and homogeneous shell architecture, enabling stealth drug delivery.
  • 291
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Cenobamate and Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Cenobamate (CNB), ([(R)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl], is a novel tetrazole alkyl carbamate derivative. In November 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved Xcopri®, marketed by SK Life Science Inc., (Paramus, NJ, USA) for adult focal seizures. The European Medicines Agency approved Ontozry® by Arvelle Therapeutics Netherlands B.V.(Amsterdam, The Neatherlands) in March 2021. Cenobamate is a medication that could potentially change the perspectives regarding the management and prognosis of refractory epilepsy.
  • 374
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Human Microbiome
The main purpose is to popularize information about the impact of dysbiosis on the pathogenesis and evolutionary course of pediatric patients with SLE. Added to this is the interest in knowledge and awareness of adjunctive therapeutic means that has the ultimate goal of increasing the quality of life. The means by which this can be achieved can be briefly divided into prophylactic or curative, depending on the phase of the condition in which the patient is.
  • 214
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
LOXL2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
LOXL2, a copper-dependent amine oxidase, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increased LOXL2 expression in HCC has been linked with an aggressive phenotype and represents a poor prognostic factor.
  • 196
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Vascular Permeability in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease that causes scarring and fibrotic transformation of the lung parenchyma, resulting in the progressive loss of respiratory function and, often, death. An increasing body of literature shows that pulmonary vascular permeability may play a big role in the pathogenesis of this condition. There is a search for therapeutic targets to try and modulate this vascular permeability in fibrotic lungs. One such class of targets that shows great promise is sphingolipids.
  • 336
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention
Phytochemicals are a non-nutritive substances that are present in plants and contribute significantly to their flavor and color. These biologically active compounds are classified into five major groups, namely phenolics, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkaloids, and are known for their potential health benefits in the prevention of various diseases, including cancer.
  • 213
  • 02 Aug 2023
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