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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Methods of Muscle Tone Diagnosis
“Muscle tone” is a clinically important and widely used term and palpation is a crucial skill for its diagnosis. However, the term is defined rather vaguely, and palpation is not measurable objectively. Therefore, several methods have been developed to measure muscle tone objectively, in terms of biomechanical properties of the muscle. 
  • 311
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches to Temporomandibular Dysfunction
Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is a burgeoning area of study within the dental field. TMD is caused by abnormalities in the temporomandibular joint or muscles of mastication and can lead to pain, loss of function, and other complications.
  • 207
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Associations of Leptin and Adiponectin with Tumor Microenvironment
Hormones produced by adipocytes, leptin and adiponectin, are associated with the process of carcinogenesis. Both of these adipokines have well-proven oncologic potential and can affect many aspects of tumorigenesis, from initiation and primary tumor growth to metastatic progression. Involvement in the formation of cancer includes interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its components, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases.
  • 360
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is the newest and most promising sample-collection technique for quantitatively analyzing drugs, especially for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacokinetic studies. This technique uses an absorbent white tip to absorb a fixed volume of a sample (10–50 µL) within a few seconds (2–4 s), is more flexible, practical, and more straightforward to be applied in the field, and is probably more cost-effective than conventional venous sampling (CVS).
  • 397
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Congestive Biomarkers in HFrEF
In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, edema and congestion are related to reduced cardiac function. Edema and congestion are further aggravated by chronic kidney failure and pulmonary abnormalities. Furthermore, together with edema/congestion, sodium/water retention is an important sign of the progression of heart failure. Edema/congestion often anticipates clinical symptoms, such as dyspnea and hospitalization; it is associated with a reduced quality of life and a major risk of mortality. It is very important for clinicians to predict the signs of congestion with biomarkers and, mainly, to understand the pathophysiological findings that underlie edema. Not all congestions are secondary to heart failure, as in nephrotic syndrome. 
  • 240
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mutations and Biomarkers of DNA Damage in Myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by several genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations, genomic deletions and gains, and point mutations. DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are altered in MM to allow for tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies.
  • 370
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Ketogenic Diet and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
The ketogenic diet (KD) has attracted significant interest for the treatment of insulin resistance (IR) and for the control of carbohydrate metabolism, which has proven to be beneficial for several dysmetabolic conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The goal of the KD is to induce a fasting-like metabolism with production of chetonic bodies. Ketosis is a good regulator of calorie intake and mimics the starvation effect in the body, leading to body weight control and consequent metabolism. Additionally, during ketogenesis, insulin receptor sensitivity is also promoted. 
  • 195
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Adoptive T Cell Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma
Patients with osteosarcoma often develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, where personalized targeted therapies should offer new hope. T cell immunotherapy as a complementary or alternative treatment modality is advancing rapidly in general, but its potential against osteosarcoma remains largely unexplored. Strategies incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells, and T cell engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are being explored to tackle relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma. 
  • 136
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Benefits of Judo Training for Brain Functions Related to Physical and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
Judo is a well-known Japanese martial art that also features in Olympic games. Recently, an increasing interest has been observed in the application of judo as a multicomponent exercise, with a growing body of evidence showing that this feature improves physical and cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, this review highlights the benefits of judo training in preventing physical and cognitive decline in older adults. Specifically, first, this review outlines the basic characteristics of judo (philosophy, match, and training). Subsequently, prior research examining the impacts of judo training on the physical and cognitive aspects of elderly individuals is reviewed. Thereafter, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of judo training in improving physical and cognitive performance are discussed. Throughout this review, judo training demonstrated some positive effects on physical (gait and balance, among others) and cognitive (memory and executive function) function in older adults. These positive effects are attributed to a variety of changes in the brain (e.g., increased neurotrophic factor expression and increased cerebral blood flow, among others) that affect different brain regions and networks both functionally and structurally. From these findings, this review concludes that judo training can be an effective way to maintain and prevent physical and cognitive decline in older adults.
  • 671
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mapping the Glymphatic Pathway Using Imaging
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered waste clearance system that has been associated with many diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, hemorrhage, and neurotrauma. Thus, it opens an array of research opportunities to improve and understand their prognoses. Currently, ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of brain slices, MRI, and macroscopic cortical imaging are the most common ways of determining glymphatic system function.
  • 243
  • 28 Aug 2023
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