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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Multimodal Management of Asthma in Adolescents
Asthma and adolescence are two sensitive points and are difficult to manage when they coexist. The first is a chronic respiratory condition, with frequent onset in early childhood (between 3 and 5 years), which can improve or worsen with age. Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood (12–19 years), marked by various internal and external conflicts and a limited capacity to understand and accept any aspect that is delimited by the pattern of the social circle (of the entourage) frequented by the individual. Therefore, the clinician is faced with multiple attempts regarding the management of asthma encountered during the adolescent period, starting from the individualization of the therapy to the control of compliance (which depends equally on the adverse reactions, quality of life offered and support of the close circle) and the social integration of the subject, communication probably having a more important role in the monitoring and evolution of the condition than the preference for a certain therapeutic scheme.
  • 227
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Algae-Derived Natural Products in Diabetes and Its Complications
Algae-derived natural products have emerged as promising candidates for the management of diabetes and its complications. The diverse chemical constituents and multifaceted pharmacological activities of algae make them attractive sources of bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic properties.
  • 181
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Cerebral Protection Devices in Transcatheter Procedures
Intraprocedural stroke is a well-documented and feared potential risk of cardiovascular transcatheter procedures (TPs). Moreover, subclinical neurological events or covert central nervous system infarctions are concerns related to the development of dementia, future stroke, cognitive decline, and increased risk of mortality. Cerebral protection devices (CPDs) were developed to mitigate the risk of cardioembolic embolism during TPs. They are mechanical barriers designed to cover the ostium of the supra-aortic branches in the aortic arch, but newer devices are able to protect the descending aorta. CPDs have been mainly designed and tested to provide cerebral protection during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), but their use in both Catheterization and Electrophysiology laboratories is rapidly increasing. 
  • 192
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Involved in Transcription Factors
Transcription factors involve many proteins in the process of transactivating or transcribing (none-) encoded DNA to initiate and regulate downstream signals, such as RNA polymerase. Their unique characteristic is that they possess specific domains that bind to specific DNA element sequences called enhancer or promoter sequences. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in cancer progression.
  • 860
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Never Smokers
Data indicate that LCINS is a unique tumour with different biology and tumour microenvironment (TME), featuring an adenocarcinoma-predominant histology compared to lung cancer in smokers.
  • 340
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease
Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. On the molecular level, inflammatory pathways negatively impact endothelial barrier properties and thus, tissue homeostasis. Conformational changes and destruction of the glycocalyx further promote pro-inflammatory pathways also contributing to pro-coagulability and a prothrombotic state. In addition, changes in the extracellular matrix composition lead to (peri-)vascular remodelling and alterations of the vessel wall, e.g., aneurysm formation. Moreover, progressive fibrosis leads to reduced tissue perfusion due to loss of functional capillaries.
  • 217
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Urogenital Functions in Postmenopausal Women
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of growing evidence concerning vitamin D's potential role in women's health, specifically in postmenopausal women. This evidence also includes its connection to various genitourinary disorders and symptoms. Numerous clinical studies have observed improvements in vulvovaginal symptoms linked to the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) with vitamin D supplementation. These studies have reported positive effects on various aspects such as vaginal pH, dryness, sexual functioning, reduced libido, and a decrease in urinary tract infections. Many mechanisms underlying these pharmacological effects have since been proposed. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) have been identified as a major contributor to its effects. It is now well known that VDRs are expressed in the superficial layers of the urogenital organs. Additionally, vitamin D plays a crucial role in supporting immune function and modulating the body's defense mechanisms. However, the characterization of these effects requires more investigation. Reviewing existing evidence regarding vitamin D's impact on post-menopausal women's vaginal, sexual, and urological health is the purpose of this article. As research in this area continues, there is a potential for vitamin D to support women's urogenital and sexual health during the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods.
  • 209
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biofluid Biomarkers in Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical entity that typically affects elderly patients. Studies have sought to establish the factors associated with an increased risk of cSDH recurrence and/or which can aid in the prediction of neurological/functional outcomes.
  • 126
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
miRNA Dysregulation in Cancer
miRNAs are a subset of non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of a multitude of genes post-transcriptionally and thus are potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers and have also emerged as potential therapeutics. Because miRNAs are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of their target mRNAs via repressing gene expression, defects in miRNA biogenesis pathway and miRNA expression perturb the expression of a multitude of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. As such, numerous miRNAs have been identified to be downregulated or upregulated in many cancers, functioning as either oncomes or oncosuppressor miRs. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis pathways can also change miRNA expression and function in cancer.
  • 329
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Alarmins in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease in which genetics, aging, obesity, and trauma are well-known risk factors. It is the most prevalent joint disease and the largest disability problem worldwide. Findings have described the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the course of the disease. In particular, alarmins such as HMGB1, IL-33, and S100B, appear implicated in enhancing articular inflammation and favouring a catabolic switch in OA chondrocytes.
  • 208
  • 07 Sep 2023
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