Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Phlorotannins in Cancer
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an interesting therapeutic target to help reduce cancer deaths, and the use of bioactive compounds has emerged as a novel and safe approach to solve this problem. Phlorotannins, a type of polyphenol present in brown seaweeds that reportedly functions as antioxidants/pro-oxidants and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic agents. Specifically, available evidence indicates that dieckol and phloroglucinol promote mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Phlorotannins also reduce pro-tumorigenic, -inflammatory, and -angiogenic signaling mechanisms involving RAS/MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and VEGF. In doing so, they inhibit pathways that favor cancer development and progression. 
  • 307
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Joining Forces against Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic resistance is a significant global health concern that affects both human and animal populations. The One Health approach acknowledges the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and the environment. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and coordination across these sectors to tackle complex health challenges such as antibiotic resistance.
  • 188
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Venous Thromboembolism
The field of venous thromboembolism has undergone numerous innovations, starting from the recent discoveries on the role of biomarkers, passing through the role of metabolomics in expanding the knowledge on pathogenic mechanisms, which have opened up new therapeutic targets. A variety of studies have contributed to characterizing the metabolic phenotype that occurs in venous thromboembolism, identifying numerous pathways that are altered in this setting.
  • 231
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered antifibrotic therapies exist to reverse liver injury, so treatment aims at managing the underlying factors to mitigate the development of liver disease. There are bidirectional feedback loops between the liver and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract via the portal venous and biliary systems, which are mediated by microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids.
  • 273
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Imidazoles as Serotonin Receptor Modulators for Depression Treatment
Serotoninergic signaling is identified as a crucial player in psychiatric disorders (notably depression), presenting it as a significant therapeutic target for treating such conditions. Inhibitors of serotoninergic signaling (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)) are prominently selected as first-line therapy for the treatment of depression, which benefits via increasing low serotonin levels and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake and thereby increasing activity. While developing newer heterocyclic scaffolds to target/modulate the serotonergic systems, imidazole-bearing pharmacophores have emerged. The imidazole-derived pharmacophore already demonstrated unique structural characteristics and an electron-rich environment, ultimately resulting in a diverse range of bioactivities. 
  • 184
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas
Gliomas are aggressive, primary central nervous system tumours arising from glial cells. Glioblastomas are the most malignant. They are known for their poor prognosis or median overall survival. The advent of immunotherapy with its various modalities—immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses and chimeric antigen receptor T cells and NK cells—has shown promise. 
  • 230
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Methods of Measuring Pancreatic Cystic Lesion Size
The incidence of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) has been rising due to improvements in imaging. Of these, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most common and are thought to contribute to almost 20% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. All major society guidelines for the management of IPMNs use size defined by maximum diameter as the primary determinant of whether surveillance or surgical resection is recommended. However, there is no consensus on how these measurements should be obtained or whether a single imaging modality is superior. Furthermore, the largest diameter may fail to capture the complexity of PCLs, as most are not perfectly spherical.
  • 238
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nefroprotective Potential of Amazonian Plant Species
There are several Amazonian plant species with potential pharmacological validation for the treatment of acute kidney injury, a condition in which the kidneys are unable to adequately filter the blood, resulting in the accumulation of toxins and waste in the body. 
  • 314
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Ocular Complications of COVID-19
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illness in animals and humans. They are named for their crown-like spikes on their surface. Coronaviruses can cause a range of illnesses, from the common cold to more severe diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19. Coronaviruses are spread mainly through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. They can also be spread by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.
  • 172
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Basics of Neuroimmunology
Neuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary field that brings together knowledge from biology, immunology, chemistry, neurology, pathology, psychiatry, and virology to examine the intricate interrelations between the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system (IS), its interactions during various developmental stages, as well as maintaining homeostasis or responding to injuries. 
  • 211
  • 14 Sep 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1352
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback