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Topic Review
Reactive Gliosis in Occupational Brain Injuries
An occupational injury describes any injury or illness to a worker as related to their specific work/occupational demands or requirement. It is often a life-altering event that is also considered a form of disability, which is covered under the provisions of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act. Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures, particularly to the brain, can lead to the development of neuroinflammation by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in the disruption of neuronal function leading to neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The entry of toxicants into the brain causes the subsequent activation of glial cells, a response known as ‘reactive gliosis.’ Gliosis, a “reactive” state of glia, is a pathological hallmark of all types of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Advancements in the field of neuroscience, including techniques for high throughput gene expression analysis, morphometric analysis, cytokine and chemokine analysis, advances in neuroimaging and cellular microscopy, have helped identify the possible molecular and neural targets associated with occupational injury or toxicant exposure, bringing the neuroinflammation perspective into place for the implication of gliosis and subsequent progression of neural injury in conditions like TBI and neurodegenerative diseases like AD, PD, CJD, ALS, and MS.
  • 869
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Roxadustat
Roxadustat is the first oral drug in the class of new erythropoiesis drugs and a potent HIF-PHD inhibitor, exerted to treat anemia in patients with CKD. In phase 1, 2 and 3 studies with CKD-affected patients, roxadustat was more effective to stimulate erythropoiesis for anemia correction than previously used drugs. Roxadustat can be orally given, unlike other erythropoiesis drugs with parenteral administration only, which grants roxadustat a considerable advantage.
  • 870
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
MNT
MNT (MAX’s Next Tango) is a crucial modulator of MYC, controls several cellular functions, and is activated in most human cancers. It is the largest, most divergent, and most ubiquitously expressed protein of the MXD family. MNT was first described as a MYC antagonist and tumor suppressor. Indeed, 10% of human tumors present deletions of one MNT allele. However, some reports show that MNT functions in cooperation with MYC by maintaining cell proliferation, promoting tumor cell survival, and supporting MYC-driven tumorigenesis in cellular and animal models. Although MAX was originally considered MNT’s obligate partner, it is also known that heterodmerize with MLX. Recent findings demonstrate that MNT can also work independently, as MNT forms homodimers and interacts with proteins both outside and inside of the proximal MYC network, as REL. These complexes are involved in a wide array of cellular processes, from transcriptional repression via SIN3 to the modulation of metabolism through MLX as well as immunity and apoptosis via REL.
  • 870
  • 02 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Dry Powder Inhaler Products
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are drug–device combination products where the complexity of the formulation, its interaction with the device, and input from users play important roles in the drug delivery. As the landscape of DPI products advances with new powder formulations and novel device designs, understanding how these advancements impact performance can aid in developing generics that are therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug (RLD) products. 
  • 869
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Social Image of Nursing
Nursing is a discipline on which stereotypes have persisted throughout its history, considering itself a feminine profession and subordinated to the medical figure, without its own field of competence. All this leads to an image of the Nursing Profession that moves away from reality, constituting a real, relevant and high-impact problem that prevents professional expansion, and that has a direct impact on social trust, the allocation of resources and quality of care, as well as wages and professional satisfaction.
  • 873
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Stem Cell Therapy for Infertility
Stem cells are a subtype of cells that remain in undifferentiated form in embryos and in adult tissues and can self-renew and differentiate as and when required. Stem cells in differentiated organs contribute to the restoration of function through organ damage repair. According to their origin, stem cells are classified as embryonic stem cells (ESC), adult stem cells (includes mesenchymal stem cells MSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), and ovarian stem cells. Stem Cells can be applicable for several disorders including infertility both in male and female.
  • 869
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Calcium and Glutathione
Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). The CaSR has a binding pocket in the extracellular domain of CaSR large enough to bind either GSH or GSSG, as well as the derivatives L-cysteine glutathione disulfide (CySSG) and the compound cysteinyl glutathione (CysGSH). CySSG occurs naturally in the circulation and may be the preferred ligand for modulation of CaSR.
  • 869
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Trials of Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that currently has no cure, but treatments are available to improve PD symptoms and maintain quality of life.
  • 869
  • 03 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Pathological Angiogenesis
Pathological angiogenesis, which is mainly induced through vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and their receptors, is involved in many of these vision-impairing ocular disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and corneal neovascularization. 
  • 868
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Overview of Marine Bioactive Peptides against HIV
Marine bioactive peptides (MBAPs) that are present in many marine species, including fish, sponges, cyanobacteria, fungi, ascidians, seaweeds, and mollusks, have gained widespread attention for their health-promoting benefits. MBAPs obtained from marine species have ameliorating potential against many health conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, HIV, cancer, oxidation, and inflammation. Various research studies have indicated that MBAPs can be utilized as novel lead structures for the treatment of HIV in conjunction with pharmaceuticals and functional foods owing to their potential therapeutic, and antiretroviral (ARV) activities.
  • 867
  • 31 Aug 2022
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