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Topic Review
miR-124-3p Microglial Exosomes in Traumatic Brain Injury Repair
Microglial exosomes, particularly those carrying miR-124-3p, have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions in TBI. These exosomes exhibit neuroprotective effects, attenuate neuroinflammation, and promote neuronal repair and plasticity.
  • 281
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Applications of Cyclodextrins in Food
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a group of cyclic oligosaccharides produced from starch, consisting of a hydrophobic interior cavity and hydrophilic exterior. Cyclodextrins have gained significant and established attention as versatile carriers for the delivery of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources in various applications, including medicine, food and cosmetics. Their toroidal structure and hydrophobic cavity render them ideal candidates for encapsulating and solubilizing hydrophobic and poorly soluble compounds. Most medicinal, food and cosmetic ingredients share the challenges of hydrophobicity and degradation that can be effectively addressed by various cyclodextrin types.
  • 351
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
First-Line Treatments for Advanced Malignant Mesothelioma
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy strongly associated with asbestos exposure. Mesotheliomas are much more common in older people with a median age at diagnosis of 72 years and a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 12%. Thus, more effective treatments are urgently needed.
  • 174
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Multifaceted Roles of Gold Nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been recently applied for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles (NPs), such as relative ease of synthesis in various sizes, shapes and charges, stability, high drug-loading capacity and relative availability for modification accompanied by non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility, make them an ideal field of research in bio-nanotechnology. Moreover, their potential to alleviate various inflammatory factors, nitrite species, and reactive oxygen production and the capacity to deliver therapeutic agents has attracted attention for further studies in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, the characteristics of GNPs and surface modification can modulate their toxicity, biodistribution, biocompatibility, and effects. 
  • 431
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Tumor-Targeted Photothermal Therapy/Photodynamic Therapy
Nanotechnology, an emerging and promising therapeutic tool, may improve the effectiveness of phototherapy (PT) in antitumor therapy because of the development of nanomaterials (NMs) with light-absorbing properties. The tumor-targeted PTs, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), transform light energy into heat and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that accumulate at the tumor site. The increase in ROS levels induces oxidative stress (OS) during carcinogenesis and disease development. Because of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) feature of copper (Cu), a vital trace element in the human body, Cu-based NMs can exhibit good near-infrared (NIR) absorption and excellent photothermal properties. Compared with other therapeutic modalities, PTT/PDT can precisely target tumor location to kill tumor cells. Moreover, multiple treatment modalities can be combined with PTT/PDT to treat a tumor using Cu-based NMs.
  • 174
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Post-Stroke Aphasia Therapies
Aphasia is an acquired language disorder (derived from the Greek word “afaˈsia”) that affects spoken and/or written language resulting from brain injury (e.g., stroke). Four categories of aphasia interventions, either in isolation or combined, have been explored over the years: (1) pharmacological therapies (i.e., growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, cell-based therapies, and drugs); (2) behavioral (SALT); (3) additional therapeutic approaches (e.g., technological aids); and (4) non-invasive brain stimulation-based therapies (NIBST) (i.e., Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)).
  • 150
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Regulation of Signaling Pathways by Selenium in Cancer
Selenium is an essential, naturally occurring trace mineral element, implicated in a diverse set of biological processes that impact health and disease. Supplementing chemotherapy and radiotherapy with selenium has been shown to have benefits against various cancers. This approach has also been shown to alleviate the side effects associated with standard cancer therapies and improve the quality of life in patients.
  • 295
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Aortic and Visceral Aneurysms
Aortic and visceral aneurysms affect large arterial vessels, including the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as visceral arterial branches, such as the splenic, hepatic, and mesenteric arteries, respectively. 
  • 214
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Nigella sativa on Obesity
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and its prevalence continues to increase at an alarming rate. It is considered a major risk factor for the development of several comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, stroke, other cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. Conventional treatments for obesity, such as dietary interventions, exercise and pharmacotherapy, have proven to have limited effectiveness and are often associated with undesirable side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative therapeutic approaches. Nigella sativa (NS), a medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological properties, has gained attention due to its potential role in the treatment of obesity and its associated complications. 
  • 353
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hormone Levels and Mental Health Conditions
Estrogens and progesterone have numerous effects, including promoting neuroplasticity, influencing both structural and functional changes, and being associated with emotional processing, mood and cognitive disorders. Mental health conditions, however, are complex and can be influenced by various factors, such as genetics, infections, and hormonal disorders.
  • 162
  • 20 Sep 2023
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