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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Targeting Epigenetic Modifications in UM
Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, is a rare subset of melanoma. Despite effective primary therapy, around 50% of patients will develop the metastatic disease. Several clinical trials have been evaluated for patients with advanced UM, though outcomes remain dismal due to the lack of efficient therapies. Epigenetic dysregulation consisting of aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small non-coding RNA expression, silencing tumor suppressor genes, or activating oncogenes, have been shown to play a significant role in UM initiation and progression. Given that there is no evidence any approach improves results so far, adopting combination therapies, incorporating a new generation of epigenetic drugs targeting these alterations, may pave the way for novel promising therapeutic options. Furthermore, the fusion of effector enzymes with nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9) system equips a potent tool for locus-specific erasure or establishment of DNA methylation as well as histone modifications and, therefore, transcriptional regulation of specific genes.
  • 893
  • 10 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Autism and Working Memory
Autism is a variation of neural development diagnosed as impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. In this article, the word autism is used for referring to the whole range of variations on the autism spectrum, which is not uncommon. Working memory is the system that actively holds multiple pieces of transitory information in the mind, where they can be manipulated. This system has a limited capacity. Working memory is a part of the executive functions (EF), an umbrella term for cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes, for instance planning and attention.
  • 893
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nutraceuticals for Peripheral Vestibular Pathology
The term “nutraceuticals” is the object of continuous debate, and to date they are described as “a food or part of a food, such as a dietary supplement, that has a medical or health benefit, including the prevention and treatment of disease”.
  • 892
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Subretinal Injection Techniques for Retinal Disease
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) affect an estimated 1 in every 2000 people, this corresponding to nearly 2 million cases worldwide. Currently, 270 genes have been associated with IRDs, most of them altering the function of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Gene therapy has been proposed as a potential tool for improving visual function in these patients.
  • 892
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Monitoring
In medicine, monitoring is the observation of a disease, condition or one or several medical parameters over time. It can be performed by continuously measuring certain parameters by using a medical monitor (for example, by continuously measuring vital signs by a bedside monitor), and/or by repeatedly performing medical tests (such as blood glucose monitoring with a glucose meter in people with diabetes mellitus). Transmitting data from a monitor to a distant monitoring station is known as telemetry or biotelemetry.
  • 892
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant malignancy worldwide, being the fourth most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The CRC incidence in adolescents, young adults, and adult populations is increasing every year. In the pathogenesis of CRC, various factors are involved including diet, sedentary life, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, gut microbiota, diabetes, and genetic mutations. The CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) involves the complex cooperation between tumoral cells with stroma, immune, and endothelial cells. 
  • 892
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Obesity Pathogenesis: Role of CNS
Obesity is a serious health problem because it is rapidly expanding and at the origin of intense morbidity and mortality, especially due to the diabetes that accompanies it.It is not possible to cure it effectively, except with bariatric surgery, which is highly invasive and with many limitations. Trying to understand the mechanism of this efficacy, the studies point towards the correction of the altered control by the CNS of food intake and energy homeostasis. At the biomolecular level, the possibility of a pharmacological therapy based on the modulation of the post-synaptic receptors of glutamate, in particular of the NMDA GluN2A and GluN2B subunits, is foreseen.
  • 892
  • 03 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Phosphorylation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Protein phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism for many intracellular processes underlying cell life. This reversible mechanism, which is triggered by intra- and extra-cellular signals, regulates metabolism, transcription, proliferation, differentiation, cell movements, and apoptosis in countless cellular functions. Protein kinases form an enzyme family that catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to specific hydroxyl amino acids in protein substrates. On the other hand, protein phosphatases regulate the action of kinases, playing the role of regulators in the phosphorylation processes. The present investigation summarize the current knowledge on the roles playd by phosphatases in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).
  • 891
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic Approaches to Bacterial Infections
The quick spread of infectious diseases and their unpredictable consequences, in terms of human lives and economic losses, will require a change in our strategy, both at the clinical and the research level. Ultimately, we should be ready to fight against infectious diseases affecting a huge number of people in different parts of the world. This new scenario will require rapid, inexpensive diagnostic systems, applicable anywhere in the world and, preferably, without the need for specialized personnel. Also, treatments for these diseases must be versatile, easily scalable, cheap, and easy to apply. All this will only be possible with the joint support of governments, which will have to make the requirements for the approval of new therapies more flexible. Meanwhile, the pharmaceutical sector must commit to prioritizing products of global interest over the most profitable ones. Extreme circumstances demand a vehement response, and any profit losses may well pay dividends going forward.
  • 891
  • 05 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Comorbidities
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that is often under-diagnosed and under-treated in all ages. Personalized medicine in OSA should focus on the management of patients’ comorbidities. Comorbidities of OSA are more common in adult or elderly patients than children. These include chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and endocrinological or neurological disorders. The optimal management of OSA, using a personalized approach, should target comorbidities which may improve patient outcomes.
  • 893
  • 21 Dec 2022
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