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Topic Review
Toxicity of Dentifrices
The regular use of adequate toothpaste with safe active ingredients possessing anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regenerative properties is one of the most effective strategies for oral healthcare. In addition to water, a typical toothpaste consists of a variety of components, among which three are of predominant importance, i.e., abrasive substances, fluoride, and detergents. These ingredients provide healthy teeth, but their environmental impact on living organisms are often not well-known.
  • 157
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Molybdenum Disulfide Biosensor for Cancer Biomarker Detection
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, whose unique adjustable bandgap shows excellent electronic and optical properties in the construction of biosensor interfaces. It not only has the advantages of a high catalytic activity and low manufacturing costs, but it can also further expand the application of hybrid structures through different functionalization, and it is widely used in various biosensors fields. 
  • 479
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Collagen Treatment
Collagen, the most abundant protein in our bodies, plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of various tissues and organs. Collagen treatment offers a range of advantages, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, wound healing support, benefits for hair and nail health, improvement in gut health, support for joint health, skin rejuvenation, and potential support for musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular health.
  • 391
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Autophagy in Response to BRAF-Targeted Therapies
BRAF-targeted therapies are widely used for the treatment of melanoma patients with BRAF V600 mutations. Vemurafenib, dabrafenib as well as encorafenib have demonstrated substantial therapeutic activity; however, as is the case with other chemotherapeutic agents, the frequent development of resistance limits their efficacy. Autophagy is one tumor survival mechanism that could contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance, and multiple studies support an association between vemurafenib-induced and dabrafenib-induced autophagy and tumor cell survival.
  • 141
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Amygdalin as a Promising Anticancer Agent
Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 (and laetrile, a synthetic compound), is a cyanogenic glycoside compound that is mainly found in the kernels and pulps of fruits. This compound has been proposed for decades as a promising naturally occurring substance which may provide anticancer effects.
  • 326
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
DHA and AA in Neuronal Development and Function
The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in neurogenesis and brain development throughout the life cycle is fundamental. DHA and AA are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) vital for many human physiological processes, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, structure and function of membranes, among others. DHA and AA can modulate neuronal function by influencing: (i) the physical properties of neuronal membranes by modulating ion channels and vesicular transport for endo/exocytosis of membrane-bound proteins; (ii) signal transduction, by modulating G protein-mediated second messenger systems; and (iii) gene expression, through direct binding to transcription factors or through the regulation of signaling cascades by eicosanoids derived from AA and DHA-derived docosanoids. In this sense, DHA and AA are crucial for the metabolism, growth, and differentiation of neurons.
  • 340
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent male malignancies, accounting for a considerable number of annual mortalities. However, the prompt identification of early-stage CaP often faces delays due to diverse factors, including socioeconomic inequalities. 
  • 139
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Central Nervous System
The dysregulated activation of nNOS in neurons is critical in the development of different conditions affecting the SNC. An excessive production of NO by nNOS is responsible for a number of proteins’ posttranslational modifications (PTMs) which can lead to aberrant biochemical pathways, impairing the SNC functions. Researchers briefly revised the main implications of the dysregulated nNOS activation in the progression of the most prevalent CNS diseases, suggesting that compounds able to modulate the nNOS activity could be  promising therapeutics to tackle different neuronal pathologic conditions.
  • 348
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Candida in Oral Malignancy
Candida albicans is a commensal fungal species that commonly colonizes the human body, but it is also a pervasive opportunistic pathogen in patients with malignant diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that this fungus is not only coincidental in oncology patients, but may also play an active role in the development of cancer. More specifically, several studies have investigated the potential association between C. albicans and various types of cancer, including oral, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, with a possible role of this species in skin cancer as well. The proposed mechanisms include the production of carcinogenic metabolites, modulation of the immune response, changes in cell morphology, microbiome alterations, biofilm production, the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways, and the induction of chronic inflammation. These mechanisms may act together or independently to promote cancer development.
  • 333
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Interrelationships between Diabetes, Anxiety, and Depression
Anxiety and depression have become widespread mental disorders identified by cognition, mood, and attitude variations that significantly impact an individual’s well-being and daily life. Depression disorders have been estimated at approximately 17%, while the prevalence of anxiety disorders is about 29%. Considerable evidence confirms that mental health disorders enhance appetite and cravings and decrease motivation for physical activity. Furthermore, high sugar intake has been associated with depression and anxiety in numerous cross-sectional and observational studies. Along the same lines, research studies have identified a link between the intake of refined carbohydrates and circulating inflammatory markers and their impact on mental health.
  • 293
  • 10 Oct 2023
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