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Topic Review
Green Tea Suppresses Brain Aging
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the intake of green tea is effective in reducing the risk of dementia. The most important component of green tea is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Both EGCG and epigallocatechin (EGC) have been suggested to cross the blood–brain barrier to reach the brain parenchyma, but EGCG has been found to be more effective than EGC in promoting neuronal differentiation.
  • 938
  • 19 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Caesarean Section
Cesarean section is a surgical procedure, which is the most frequently performed in gynecology and obstetrics. It is commonly believed that an operative delivery is a less painful and safer mode of delivery, which translates into an increasing number of the procedures performed without medical indications. The maternal sequelae of cesarean sections are well elucidated and widely discussed in the literature, while long-term neonatal consequences still remain the issue of research and scientific dispute.
  • 938
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Warthin Tumor
Warthin tumor (WT) is a benign salivary gland tumor composed of oncocytic epithelial cells lining ductal, papillary, and cystic structures in a lymphoid stroma. Is the second most common salivary gland tumor. WT commonly affect individuals in ther sixth to seventh decade and have a link to cigarette smoking. 
  • 938
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Annona muricata and Its Anticancer Activity
Annona muricata is a member of the family Annonaceae and is familiar for its medicinal properties. A. muricata has been identified to have promising compounds that could potentially be utilized for the treatment of cancer. The most prevalent phytochemical components identified and isolated from this plant are alkaloids, phenols, and acetogenins.
  • 938
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Flavonols
Flavonols are ones of the most common phytochemicals found in diets rich in fruit and vegetables. Research suggests that molecular functions of flavonoids may bring a number of health benefits to people, including the following: decrease inflammation, change disease activity, and alleviate resistance to antibiotics as well as chemotherapeutics. 
  • 938
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Deep Brain Stimulation Selection Criteria
Selection criteria for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) still rely on a document published in 1999 called ‘Core Assessment Program for Surgical Interventional Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease’. These criteria are useful in supporting the selection of candidates but could be considered both restrictive and out-of-date. Starting from the original CAPSIT-PD document, we addressed the following topics which may impact the DBS selection process: early versus delayed DBS; the evolution of the levodopa challenge test; the relevance of axial symptoms; new focus on patient-centered outcome measures; the relevance of non-motor symptoms; and a new role for genetics.
  • 938
  • 09 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Nox4
The NADPH oxidase Nox4 is a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-producing enzyme, with the highest expression in the kidney. As the kidney is involved in volume and blood pressure control through sodium handling, we set out to determine the impact of a low sodium diet on these parameters in WT and Nox4-/- mice. Nox4 expression in the murine kidney was restricted to the proximal tubule. Nevertheless, low-sodium-induced weight loss and sodium sparing function was similar in WT and Nox4-/- mice, disputing an important function of renal Nox4 in sodium handling. In contrast, a low sodium diet resulted in a reduction in systolic blood pressure in Nox4-/- as compared to WT mice. This was associated with a selectively lower pressure to heart-rate ratio, as well as heart to body weight ratio. In general, a low sodium diet leads to activation of sympathetic tone and the renin angiotensin system, which subsequently increases peripheral resistance. Our observations suggest that the control by this system is attenuated in Nox4-/- mice, resulting in lower blood pressure in response to low sodium.
  • 937
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Spermine in Prostate Cancer
Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate.
  • 937
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Chemotherapy Resistance
Multidrug resistance is a major factor contributing to the failure of cancer therapy and poor patient outcomes. While apoptosis (apoptotic cell death) is the desired outcome of anti-cancer therapy, chemotherapy and radiation often induce a number of mechanisms that can mediate resistance. p53 is an essential tumor suppressor and stress response protein, modulating multiple cellular responses to therapy. Gain of function (GOF) p53 mutations have been implicated in increased susceptibility to the development of drug resistance, by compromising wild type anti-tumor functions of p53 or modulating key p53 processes that confer chemotherapy resistance, such as autophagy. Autophagy, a conventionally cytoprotective mechanism, is often a “first responder” to chemotherapy (or radiation), by promoting the removal of damaged organelles and preventing excessive accumulation of damaged proteins; thus, autophagy, via its cytoprotectivefunction, may allow tumor cells to evade apoptotic cell death. However, substantial pre-clinical data and inconsistent clinical efficacy of autophagy inhibitors in combination with cancer chemotherapy indicates that autophagy can exhibit multiple functions and does not act solely as a cytoprotective response. Further inquiry relating to the influence of p53 status on autophagic function and its contributions to multidrug resistance will provide valuable insights towards patient response to therapy and the possibility of developing novel therapeutics for chemosensitization in the face of multidrug resistance. 
  • 936
  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Oncolytic Virotherapy
Some non-pathogenic viruses that do not cause serious illness in humans can efficiently target and kill cancer cells and may be considered candidates for cancer treatment with virotherapy. However, many cancer cells are protected from viruses. An important goal of personalized cancer treatment is to identify viruses that can kill a certain type of cancer cells. To this end, researchers investigate expression patterns of cell entry receptors, which viruses use to bind to and enter host cells.
  • 936
  • 22 Dec 2020
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